Ingingo yo guteka ya trichloromethane: Ubushishozi kuri iki kintu cyingenzi cyimiti
Trichloromethane, imiti ya chimique CHCl₃, bakunze kwita chloroform, ni umusemburo wingenzi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda no muri laboratoire, kandi imiterere yumubiri, cyane cyane aho itetse, ni byo byingenzi byerekana aho ikoreshwa n'umutekano. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzareba byimbitse aho batetse trichloromethane tunasesengura akamaro kayo mu nganda zikora imiti.
Ingingo itetse ya trichloromethane nakamaro kayo kumubiri
Ingingo itetse ya trichloromethane ni 61.2 ° C (cyangwa 334.4 K). Ahantu ho gutekesha ni ubushyuhe amazi ahindurwamo gaze kumuvuduko runaka (mubisanzwe umuvuduko wikirere, cyangwa 101.3 kPa). Ku bijyanye na trichloromethane, aho itetse ugereranije ituma ihindagurika cyane ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba, ikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikoreshereze y’inganda z’imiti.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri trichloromethane
Ingingo itetse ya trichloromethane yibasiwe nibintu byinshi, cyane cyane imbaraga za intermolecular van der Waals hamwe na polarite ya molekile. Electronegativite nini ya atome ya chlorine muri molekile ya trichloromethane itanga polarite runaka, bigatuma habaho imbaraga zimwe na zimwe za dipole-dipole hagati ya molekile. Kubaho kwizo mbaraga intermolecular bituma trichloromethane gutsinda izo mbaraga zifatika hanyuma igahinduka gaze gusa mubushyuhe bwihariye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, aho itekera ni ndende ugereranije na molekile zimwe na zimwe zidafite inkingi nka metani (aho itetse -161.5 ° C) ariko ikaba munsi y’amazi (aho itetse 100 ° C), ikagaragaza imbaraga zayo ziciriritse.
Akamaro ka point ya trichloromethane mubikorwa byinganda
Ingingo itetse ya trichloromethane nubuyobozi bwingenzi mugukoresha inganda. Agace kayo gatetse gatuma kora neza, cyane cyane kubikorwa bisaba guhumuka vuba. Kurugero, mugukora imiti, trichloromethane ikoreshwa mugukuramo, gusesa no gukora isuku kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhumeka vuba nubushobozi bwo gushonga ibintu byinshi kama. Bitewe n’ahantu hakeye, ihindagurika rigomba kwitabwaho mugushushanya ibikoresho byinganda, cyane cyane mubikorwa bijyanye no gusibanganya no kugarura ibicuruzwa, kugirango bikore neza kandi neza.
Ingaruka yumwanya utetse wa trichloromethane kumutekano
Ingingo itetse ya trichloromethane nayo igira ingaruka itaziguye kumutekano wububiko no gukoresha. Kubera guhindagurika kwinshi ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, ikunda gukora imyuka yaka kandi ifite ubumara mu kirere. Ibi bisaba guhumeka neza no gukoresha ibikoresho bifunze bifunze kubikwa no gukoresha. Kumenya aho gutekesha trichloromethane birashobora gufasha uruganda rukora imiti gushyiraho ingamba zikwiye zumutekano kugirango hirindwe impanuka nimpanuka zatewe nubushyuhe bukabije.
Umwanzuro
Isesengura ryibintu bitetse bya trichloromethane ntabwo bidufasha gusa gusobanukirwa neza imiterere yumubiri wiyi miti, ahubwo binatanga ishingiro ryingenzi ryokoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda. Kuva imiterere ya molekuline kugeza mubikorwa byayo bifatika, aho gutekesha trichloromethane bigira uruhare runini mugushushanya uburyo bwo gutunganya imiti no gucunga umutekano. Mugusobanukirwa byimbitse kubyerekeranye na trichloromethane, dushobora gukoresha neza iyi ngingo kandi tukareba imikorere yayo numutekano mubikorwa bitandukanye.