Inganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa ziratera imbere kuva ku nini nini kugera ku cyerekezo gisobanutse neza, kandi inganda z’imiti zirimo guhinduka, byanze bikunze bizazana ibicuruzwa byinshi binonosoye. Kugaragara kw'ibi bicuruzwa bizagira ingaruka runaka ku mucyo w'amakuru ku isoko no guteza imbere icyiciro gishya cyo kuzamura inganda no kwegeranya.
Iyi ngingo izasuzuma inganda zimwe na zimwe zikomeye mu nganda z’imiti y’Ubushinwa n’uturere twibanda cyane kugira ngo zigaragaze ingaruka z’amateka yabo n’umutungo wabo ku nganda. Tuzareba uturere dufite umwanya wingenzi muri izi nganda tunasesengura uburyo uturere tugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’inganda.
1. Abaguzi benshi mubicuruzwa byimiti mubushinwa: Intara ya Guangdong
Intara ya Guangdong n’akarere gakoreshwa cyane n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku miti mu Bushinwa, bitewe ahanini n’ubunini bwa GDP. Umusaruro rusange w’Intara ya Guangdong wageze kuri tiriyari 12.91, uza ku mwanya wa mbere mu Bushinwa, wateje imbere iterambere ry’iterambere ry’umuguzi w’uruganda rukora imiti. Mu buryo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho by’imiti mu Bushinwa, abagera kuri 80% muri bo bafite uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo, kandi isoko ry’ingenzi rigamije ni Intara ya Guangdong.
Kugeza ubu, Intara ya Guangdong iribanda ku iterambere ry’ibikorwa bitanu bikomoka kuri peteroli, byose bikaba bifite ibikoresho binini binini byo gutunganya no gutunganya imiti. Ibi byafashije iterambere ry’inganda zikora imiti mu Ntara ya Guangdong, bityo bizamura igipimo cyo gutunganya no gutanga ibicuruzwa. Icyakora, haracyari icyuho cyo gutanga isoko, bigomba kongerwaho imijyi yo mumajyaruguru nka Jiangsu na Zhejiang, mugihe ibicuruzwa bishya byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigomba kongerwaho umutungo utumizwa mu mahanga.
Igishushanyo 1: Ibigo bitanu byingenzi bya peteroli mu Ntara ya Guangdong

 
2. Ahantu hanini hateranira gutunganyirizwa mu Bushinwa: Intara ya Shandong
Intara ya Shandong n’ahantu henshi hateranira gutunganya peteroli mu Bushinwa, cyane cyane mu mujyi wa Dongying, wakusanyije umubare munini w’inganda zitunganya peteroli zaho. Kugeza hagati ya 2023, mu Ntara ya Shandong hari inganda zirenga 60 zitunganya ibicuruzwa, zifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya peteroli ya toni miliyoni 220 ku mwaka. Ubushobozi bwo gukora Ethylene na propylene nabwo bwarenze toni miliyoni 3 ku mwaka na toni miliyoni 8 ku mwaka.
Inganda zitunganya peteroli mu Ntara ya Shandong zatangiye gutera imbere mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90, aho Petrochemical ya Kenli yabaye uruganda rwa mbere rwigenga, hakurikiraho gushingwa Dongming Petrochemical (yahoze yitwa Sosiyete ikora amavuta ya Dongming County). Kuva mu 2004, inganda zigenga mu Ntara ya Shandong zinjiye mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse, kandi inganda nyinshi zitunganya inganda zatangiye kubaka no gukora. Bimwe muri ibyo bigo bikomoka ku bufatanye bwo mu mijyi no mu cyaro no guhinduka, mu gihe ibindi biva mu gutunganya no guhinduka kwaho.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, inganda zitunganya peteroli muri Shandong zatoneshejwe n’ibigo bya Leta, aho inganda nyinshi zaguzwe cyangwa zigenzurwa n’ibigo bya Leta, birimo uruganda rukora peteroli rwa Hongrun, uruganda rutunganya inganda, Haihua, Changyi Petrochemical, Shandong Huaxing, Zhenghe Petrochemical, Qingdao Jinine, Uruganda rwa kabiri. Ibi byihutishije iterambere ryihuse ryinganda.
3. Umusaruro munini w’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bya farumasi mu Bushinwa: Intara ya Jiangsu
Intara ya Jiangsu n’umusaruro munini w’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bya farumasi mu Bushinwa, kandi inganda zikora imiti n’isoko ry’umusaruro rusange w’intara. Intara ya Jiangsu ifite umubare munini w’inganda ziciriritse zikoresha imiti, zose hamwe 4067, zikaba ari ahantu hanini h’imiti yarangiye mu Bushinwa. Muri byo, Umujyi wa Xuzhou ni umwe mu mijyi minini itanga imiti mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, hamwe n’inganda zikora imiti mu gihugu nka Jiangsu Enhua, Jiangsu Wanbang, Jiangsu Jiuxu, hamwe n’inganda zigera kuri 60 z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu rwego rwa biofarmaceuticals. Byongeye kandi, Umujyi wa Xuzhou washyizeho uburyo bune bw’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ku rwego rw’igihugu mu rwego rw’umwuga nko kuvura ibibyimba bivura no guteza imbere imikorere y’imiti, ndetse n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere birenga 70 byo ku rwego rw’intara.
Itsinda ry’imiti rya Yangzijiang, riherereye i Taizhou, muri Jiangsu, ni rimwe mu nganda nini zikora imiti mu ntara ndetse no mu gihugu. Mu myaka mike ishize, yagiye ku mwanya wa mbere ku rutonde rwa 100 rw’inganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa. Ibicuruzwa byitsinda bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi nka anti infection, umutima-mitsi, igogora, ibibyimba, sisitemu yimitsi, kandi ibyinshi muribi bifite ubumenyi bwinshi kandi bifite isoko kumasoko yimbere mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga.
Muri make, inganda zikora imiti mu Ntara ya Jiangsu zifite umwanya ukomeye mubushinwa. Ntabwo ari uruganda runini rukora ibicuruzwa bivura imiti mu Bushinwa, ahubwo ni rumwe mu nganda nini zikora imiti mu gihugu.
Igishushanyo 2 Ikwirakwizwa ryisi yose yimiti mvaruganda itanga umusaruro
Inkomoko yamakuru: Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwinganda

4. Ubushinwa bukora imiti myinshi ya elegitoroniki: Intara ya Guangdong
Nk’inganda nini n’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki mu Bushinwa, Intara ya Guangdong nayo yabaye ikigo kinini cy’ibikoresho bikoresha imiti n’ikoreshwa mu Bushinwa. Uyu mwanya uterwa ahanini n’abaguzi bakeneye mu Ntara ya Guangdong. Intara ya Guangdong ikora imiti amagana y’imiti ya elegitoroniki, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi n’igipimo kinini cyo kuyinonosora, ikubiyemo imirima nkimiti ya elegitoroniki itose, ibikoresho bishya byo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike, ibikoresho bya firime yoroheje, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.
By'umwihariko, Zhuhai Zhubo Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. ni uruganda rukomeye rukora imyenda yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike yo mu bwoko bwa fibre fibre, dielectric nkeya, na ultrafine ibirahuri bya fibre. Changxin Resin (Guangdong) Co, Ltd ikora cyane cyane ibyuma bya elegitoroniki amino resin, PTT, nibindi bicuruzwa, mugihe Zhuhai Changxian New Materials Technology Co., Ltd igurisha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo kugurisha, ibikoresho byoza ibidukikije, nibicuruzwa bya Fanlishui. Izi nganda n’inganda zihagarariye mu bijyanye n’imiti ya elegitoroniki mu Ntara ya Guangdong.
5. Ikibanza kinini cya polyester fibre ikorerwa mubushinwa: Intara ya Zhejiang
Intara ya Zhejiang n’isoko rinini rikora fibre fibre mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’inganda zikora chipester polyester hamwe n’umusaruro wa polyester filament urenga toni miliyoni 30 / umwaka, umusaruro wa polyester staple fibre urenga toni miliyoni 1.7 / umwaka, hamwe n’inganda zirenga 30 za polyester chip, zifite umusaruro urenga toni miliyoni 4.3 / umwaka. Ni kamwe mu turere twinshi two mu bwoko bwa polyester chimique fibre ikora mubushinwa. Hiyongereyeho, mu Ntara ya Zhejiang hari imishinga myinshi yo hasi y’imyenda no kuboha.
Inganda z’imiti zihagarariye Intara ya Zhejiang zirimo Itsinda rya Tongkun, Itsinda rya Hengyi, Itsinda rya Xinfengming, na Zhejiang Dushan Energy, n’abandi. Izi nganda n’inganda nini nini za polyester zikora fibre fibre mu Bushinwa kandi zateye imbere kandi zitera imbere kuva Zhejiang.
6. Ubushinwa bukora amakara manini y’amakara: Intara ya Shaanxi
Intara ya Shaanxi ni ikigo gikomeye cy’inganda z’inganda z’amakara n’Ubushinwa n’inganda nini nini zitunganya amakara mu Bushinwa. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na Pingtouge, intara ifite amakara arenga 7 y’inganda zikora olefin, aho umusaruro wa toni zisaga miliyoni 4.5 ku mwaka. Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cy’amakara kuri Ethylene glycol nacyo cyageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.6 / umwaka.
Inganda zikora amakara mu Ntara ya Shaanxi zibanze muri parike y’inganda ya Yushen, iyi ikaba ari pariki nini y’imiti y’amakara mu Bushinwa kandi ikusanya inganda nyinshi zitanga imiti y’amakara. Muri byo, imishinga ihagarariye irimo gucuruza amakara Yulin, Shaanxi Yulin Energy Chemical, Pucheng Clean Energy, Yulin Shenhua, nibindi.
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Ubushinwa n’ibicuruzwa binini by’imiti y’umunyu mu Bushinwa, bihagarariwe n’imiti ya Shinwa Zhongtai. Ubushobozi bwa PVC bwo gukora ni toni miliyoni 1.72 / mwaka, bukaba uruganda runini rwa PVC mu Bushinwa. Ubushobozi bwa soda ya caustic ni toni miliyoni 1.47 / mwaka, nabwo bunini mu Bushinwa. Ibigega by’umunyu byagaragaye mu Bushinwa ni toni zigera kuri miliyari 50, zikurikira Intara ya Qinghai. Umunyu wikiyaga muri Sinayi ufite urwego rwohejuru kandi rwiza, rukwiriye gutunganywa no gutunganywa byimbitse, no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi wongeyeho imiti yumunyu, nka sodium, bromine, magnesium, nibindi, nibikoresho byiza byibanze byo gukora imiti ijyanye nayo. Byongeye kandi, Lop Nur Salt Lake iherereye mu Ntara ya Ruoqiang mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'ikibaya cya Tarim, Sinayi. Umutungo wa potas wagaragaye ni toni miliyoni 300, zingana na kimwe cya kabiri cyumutungo wigihugu. Inganda nyinshi z’imiti zinjiye mu Bushinwa kugira ngo zikore iperereza zihitamo gushora imari mu mishinga y’imiti. Impamvu nyamukuru yabyo ni inyungu zuzuye z’ibikoresho fatizo by’Ubushinwa, hamwe n’inkunga ishimishije ya politiki yatanzwe n’Ubushinwa.
8. Ubushinwa bunini cyane butanga umusaruro wa gazi karemano: Chongqing
Chongqing nicyo kigo kinini gitanga umusaruro wa gazi karemano mubushinwa. Ifite umutungo kamere wa gazi, yashizeho iminyururu myinshi yinganda zikora inganda za gazi kandi ihinduka umujyi wambere wambere mubushinwa bwa chimique.
Agace gakomeye k’inganda zikora imiti ya Chongqing n’akarere ka Changshou. Aka karere kaguye mu nsi y’uruganda rwa gazi karemano y’inganda hifashishijwe inyungu z’ibanze. Kugeza ubu, Akarere ka Changshou kamaze gukora imiti itandukanye ya gaze karemano, nka acetylene, methanol, formaldehyde, polyoxymethylene, acide acetike, vinyl acetate, inzoga za polyvinyl, firime ya PVA optique, resin ya EVOH, n'ibindi. n'ibindi
Inganda zihagarariye mu iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka kuri gazi karemano muri Chongqing zirimo BASF, Ubushinwa Umutungo w’Ubushinwa, n’Ubushinwa Hualu. Izi nganda zigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka kuri gazi ya Chongqing, ziteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kuyishyira mu bikorwa, kandi bikarushaho guteza imbere guhangana n’inganda zirambye za chongqing.
9. Intara ifite parike nyinshi za chimique mubushinwa: Intara ya Shandong
Intara ya Shandong ifite umubare munini wa parike y’inganda mu Bushinwa. Mu Bushinwa hari parike zirenga 1000 ku rwego rw’intara ndetse n’igihugu ku rwego rw’igihugu, mu gihe umubare wa parike y’imiti mu Ntara ya Shandong urenga 100. Dukurikije ibisabwa n’igihugu kugira ngo hinjirwemo inganda z’inganda zikora imiti, aho pariki y’inganda y’imiti n’ahantu hateranira inganda z’imiti. Pariki y’inganda zikora imiti mu Ntara ya Shandong zikwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu mijyi nka Dongying, Zibo, Weifang, Heze, muri zo Dongying, Weifang, na Zibo zifite umubare munini w’inganda z’imiti.
Muri rusange, iterambere ry’inganda z’imiti mu Ntara ya Shandong ryibanze cyane, cyane cyane muri parike. Muri byo, parike y’imiti mu mijyi nka Dongying, Zibo, na Weifang yateye imbere cyane kandi ni ahantu hateranira inganda z’imiti mu Ntara ya Shandong.

Igicapo 3 Ikwirakwizwa rya Parike Nkuru y’inganda mu Ntara ya Shandong

10. Ikibanza kinini cya fosifore ikora imiti mu Bushinwa: Intara ya Hubei
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubutare bwa fosifore, ubutare bwa fosifore mu Bushinwa bukwirakwizwa cyane mu ntara eshanu: Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, na Hunan. Muri byo, itangwa ry'amabuye ya fosifore mu ntara enye za Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, na Yunnan zujuje ibyifuzo byinshi by'igihugu, bikaba uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gutanga umutungo wa fosifore wo “gutwara fosifore uva mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba”. Yaba ishingiye ku mubare w’inganda zikora amabuye ya fosifate na fosifike yo hepfo, cyangwa urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu ruganda rukora imiti ya fosifate, Intara ya Hubei n’akarere gakorerwa cyane mu nganda z’imiti ya fosifate mu Bushinwa.
Intara ya Hubei ifite ubutunzi bwinshi bwa fosifate, hamwe n’amabuye ya fosifate arenga 30% by’umutungo rusange w’igihugu kandi umusaruro ukaba 40% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishami ry’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho mu Ntara ya Hubei, ngo intara ikora ibicuruzwa bitanu birimo ifumbire, ifumbire ya fosifate, na fosifeti nziza, biza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gihugu. Nintara ya mbere ikomeye mu nganda za fosifati mu Bushinwa n’isoko rinini ry’imiti myiza ya fosifate mu gihugu, aho imiti y’imiti ya fosifike igera kuri 38.4% by’igihugu.
Abahagarariye uruganda rukora imiti ya fosifore mu Ntara ya Hubei barimo Xingfa Group, Hubei Yihua, na Xinyangfeng. Itsinda rya Xingfa n’uruganda runini rukora imiti ya sulfuru n’uruganda runini rukora imiti ya fosifore mu Bushinwa. Igipimo cyo kohereza mu mahanga fosifate ya monoammonium mu ntara cyagiye cyiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Mu 2022, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya fosifate ya monoammonium mu Ntara ya Hubei byari toni 511000, byoherezwa mu mahanga miliyoni 452 z'amadolari y'Amerika.