Ihindurwa rya pulasitike, ryerekeza kuri plastiki-rusange-rusange ya plastiki yubuhanga bushingiye ku kuzuza, kuvanga, gushimangira nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byahinduwe kugirango tunoze imikorere yumuriro, imbaraga, kurwanya ingaruka, gukomera nibindi. Ubu plastiki zahinduwe zikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo murugo, imodoka, itumanaho, ubuvuzi, amashanyarazi na elegitoronike, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, ibikoresho bisobanutse, ibikoresho byo kubaka amazu, umutekano, icyogajuru nindege, inganda za gisirikare nizindi nzego.

Imiterere yinganda zahinduwe
Muri 2010-2021, ubwiyongere bwihuse bwa plastiki zahinduwe mu Bushinwa, buva kuri toni miliyoni 7.8 muri 2010 bugera kuri toni miliyoni 22.5 muri 2021, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bwa 12.5%. Hamwe no kwagura porogaramu zahinduwe za plastiki, ahazaza h’Ubushinwa hahinduwe plastike haracyari umwanya munini witerambere.

Kugeza ubu, icyifuzo cy’isoko rya plastiki ryahinduwe gikwirakwizwa cyane cyane muri Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo. Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere byahinduye ikoranabuhanga rya plastiki biratera imbere cyane, ikoreshwa rya plastiki zahinduwe mbere, icyifuzo cya plastiki zahinduwe muri utwo turere kiri imbere cyane, mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya plastiki ry’Ubushinwa ryahinduwe kandi kuzamura ikoreshwa rya plastiki zahinduwe, Ubushinwa bwahinduwe mubunini bwamasoko nabwo bwagiye bwiyongera.

Mu 2021, isi yose ikenera inganda za plastiki zahinduwe zirahinduka cyane, hafi toni 11,000,000 cyangwa zirenga. Nyuma y’icyorezo gishya cy’ikamba, hamwe no kongera umusaruro n’ibikoreshwa, isoko rya plastiki ryahinduwe rizagira ubwiyongere bukabije, ejo hazaza h’isoko rya plastiki ry’inganda zahinduwe ku isi izagera ku gipimo cya 3%, biteganijwe ko 2026 byahinduwe ku isi hose; isoko ryinganda rizagera kuri toni 13.000.000.

Ivugurura ry’Ubushinwa no gufungura, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryahinduwe rya pulasitike naryo ryagiye rigaragara buhoro buhoro, ariko kubera gutangira gutinda, inganda zo gutunganya amashanyarazi mu gihugu zifite ikoranabuhanga ridakomeye, ibibazo bito, ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ahanini bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Amakuru yerekana ko muri 2019, inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa ziri hejuru y’umusaruro wahinduwe wa plastiki zahinduwe zigera kuri toni miliyoni 19.55, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2022, inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa ziri hejuru y’ubunini bwa plastiki zahinduwe zizagera kuri toni zisaga miliyoni 22.81.

Iterambere ryinganda zahinduwe
Hamwe nogutezimbere icapiro rya 3D, Internet yibintu, itumanaho rya 5G, ubwenge bwubukorikori nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa rya plastiki zahinduwe ahantu hamanuka hakomeje gukungahaza ibibera, uburyo bwo gukoresha bukomeje kwaguka, buzana amahirwe yiterambere rya plastiki zahinduwe kuri gihe kimwe, ibikoresho byahinduwe nabyo bishyira imbere ibisabwa hejuru.

Mu bihe biri imbere, iterambere ry’inganda zahinduwe mu Bushinwa zizaba inzira zikurikira.

(1) kuzamura no gutera imbere mubice byo hepfo bizamura iterambere ryinganda za plastiki zahinduwe

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryitumanaho rya 5G, interineti yibintu, ubwenge bwubukorikori, icapiro rya 3D nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, izamuka ryurugo rwubwenge, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, nibindi, isoko ryisoko ryibikorwa bikomeje gutera imbere, iterambere ryudushya muri inganda za plastiki zahinduwe zizakomeza kwiyongera. Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwahinduwe bwa plastiki bushingiye ku mahanga buracyari hejuru cyane, byanze bikunze guhinduranya plastike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru byanze bikunze, hamwe n'ubucucike buke, ubukana bwinshi, ubukana bwinshi, ubukana bw’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibinyabuzima bihindagurika bikomoka ku bikoresho bya pulasitike bizaba byinshi kandi Byakoreshejwe cyane.

Hamwe nimodoka nshya zingufu, amazu yubwenge nibindi bikenerwa ku isoko nabyo bizatanga ibyifuzo byinshi bya plastiki nziza zahinduwe neza, plastike zitandukanye zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zahinduwe zizatangiza isoko yiterambere.

(2) iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura kugirango riteze imbere kuzamura ibikoresho bya plastiki byahinduwe

Hamwe nogukoresha ibisabwa, inganda za plastiki zahinduwe nazo zirimo guteza imbere cyane tekinolojiya mishya yo guhindura no gutunganya ibintu, iteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryahinduwe, hiyongereyeho gukomeza iterambere ryiterambere rya gakondo, tekinoroji yumuriro, tekinoroji yo guhindura ibintu, imikorere idasanzwe, alloy synergistic ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji nayo iziyongera, inganda zahinduwe za plastike zerekana inzira yo gutandukanya tekinoloji yo guhindura, ubwubatsi bwa plastiki rusange-rusange, plastike yubuhanga ikora neza.

Ubwubatsi rusange-bugamije gukora plastike aribwo, rusange-intego-ya plastiki binyuze muguhindura buhoro buhoro ifite bimwe mubiranga plastike yubuhanga, kuburyo ishobora gusimbuza igice cya plastiki yubuhanga, bityo igafata buhoro buhoro igice cyisoko rya porogaramu gakondo ya plastiki yubuhanga. Ubwubatsi bwa plastiki yububiko bukora neza ni muburyo bwo kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura, plastiki yubuhanga yahinduwe irashobora kugera cyangwa ikarenga imikorere yibice byicyuma, mumyaka yashize, hamwe namakuru yamakuru n’itumanaho ry’Ubushinwa, inganda nshya zikoresha amamodoka atera imbere, zikoreshwa cyane mu buhanga bwa plastiki zikenewe cyane yazamutse cyane, irashobora guhuza nibikorwa bikaze byakazi hamwe nimbaraga zidasanzwe, imbaraga zidasanzwe zirwanya ubushyuhe nibindi bintu bya plastike yubuhanga buhinduwe neza bizaba byiza.

Byongeye kandi, kubera ubukangurambaga bw’imibereho yo kurengera ibidukikije no kuyobora politiki y’igihugu, icyifuzo cy’isoko ry’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, ingufu za karubone nkeya, kuzigama no kongera kwangirika byangiza plastiki na byo biriyongera, icyifuzo cy’isoko ku buryo bunoze bw’ibidukikije cyahinduwe neza plastike irazamuka, cyane cyane umunuko muke, VOC nkeya, nta gutera no kubindi bisabwa bya tekiniki birashobora gukwirakwiza urwego rwose rwinganda hejuru no hepfo.

(3) gukaza umurego ku isoko, kwibanda ku nganda bizarushaho gutera imbere

Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwahinduye inganda zikora plastike ni nyinshi, amarushanwa y’inganda arakaze, ugereranije n’inganda nini mpuzamahanga, ubushobozi rusange bwa tekinike y’inganda zahinduwe mu Bushinwa buracyafite icyuho runaka. Ingaruka z’intambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa, icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga n’izindi mpamvu nyinshi, inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa zita cyane cyane ku iyubakwa ry’ibicuruzwa, bisaba urwego ruhamye kandi rwizewe, rushimangira ubwigenge kandi bugenzurwa, aribyo itanga kandi amahirwe mashya mu nganda zahinduwe mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’amahirwe y’isoko n’inkunga y’inganda mu gihugu, inganda za plastiki zahinduwe mu Bushinwa zizazamuka ku rwego rushya, havutse ibigo byinshi by’indashyikirwa bishobora guhangana n’inganda nini mpuzamahanga.

Muri icyo gihe kandi, guhuza ikoranabuhanga, kutagira ubushakashatsi bwigenga n’ubushobozi bwiterambere, ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa n’inganda zo hasi nazo zizahura n’ikibazo cyo kuvaho buhoro buhoro ku isoko, kandi kongera ingufu mu kwibanda ku nganda nabyo bizahinduka inzira rusange y’iterambere.