Ihindurwa rya pulasitike, ryerekeza kuri plastiki-rusange-rusange ya plastiki yubuhanga bushingiye ku kuzuza, kuvanga, gushimangira nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byahinduwe kugirango tunoze imikorere yumuriro, imbaraga, kurwanya ingaruka, gukomera nibindi. Ubu plastiki zahinduwe zikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo murugo, imodoka, itumanaho, ubuvuzi, amashanyarazi na elegitoronike, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, ibikoresho bisobanutse, ibikoresho byo kubaka amazu, umutekano, icyogajuru nindege, inganda za gisirikare nizindi nzego.

Imiterere yinganda zahinduwe
Muri 2010-2021, ubwiyongere bwihuse bwa plastiki zahinduwe mu Bushinwa, buva kuri toni miliyoni 7.8 muri 2010 bugera kuri toni miliyoni 22.5 muri 2021, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bwa 12.5%. Hamwe no kwagura porogaramu zahinduwe zahinduwe, ejo hazaza h’Ubushinwa hahinduwe plastike haracyari umwanya munini witerambere.

Kugeza ubu, icyifuzo cy’isoko rya plastiki ryahinduwe gikwirakwizwa cyane cyane muri Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo. Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere byahinduye ikoranabuhanga rya plastiki byateye imbere cyane, ikoreshwa rya plastiki zahinduwe mbere, icyifuzo cya plastiki zahinduwe muri utwo turere kiri imbere cyane, mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya plastiki ryahinduwe mu Bushinwa ndetse no guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya plastiki zahinduwe, ingano y’isoko rya plastiki yahinduwe mu Bushinwa nayo yariyongereye.

Mu 2021, isi yose ikenera inganda za plastiki zahinduwe zirahinduka cyane, hafi toni 11,000,000 cyangwa zirenga. Nyuma y’icyorezo gishya cy’ikamba, hamwe no kongera umusaruro n’ibikoreshwa, isoko rya plastiki ryahinduwe rizagira ubwiyongere bukabije, ejo hazaza h’isoko ry’inganda zahinduwe ku isoko ry’inganda zizaba zigera kuri 3%, biteganijwe ko mu 2026 isoko ry’inganda zahinduwe ku isi rizagera kuri toni 13.000.000.

Ivugurura ry’Ubushinwa no gufungura, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryahinduwe rya pulasitike naryo ryagiye rigaragara buhoro buhoro, ariko kubera gutangira gutinda, inganda zo gutunganya amashanyarazi mu gihugu zifite ikoranabuhanga ridakomeye, ibibazo bito, ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ahanini bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Amakuru yerekana ko muri 2019, inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa ziri hejuru y’umusaruro wahinduwe wa plastiki zahinduwe zigera kuri toni miliyoni 19.55, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2022, inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa ziri hejuru y’ubunini bwa plastiki zahinduwe zizagera kuri toni zisaga miliyoni 22.81.

Iterambere ryinganda zahinduwe
Hamwe nogutezimbere icapiro rya 3D, interineti yibintu, itumanaho rya 5G, ubwenge bwubuhanga nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa rya plastiki zahinduwe ahantu hahanamye bikomeje gutezimbere ibibera, uburyo bwo gukoresha bukomeje kwaguka, buzana amahirwe yiterambere rya plastiki zahinduwe icyarimwe, ibikoresho byahinduwe nabyo bishyira hejuru ibisabwa hejuru.

Mu bihe biri imbere, iterambere ry’inganda zahinduwe mu Bushinwa zizaba inzira zikurikira.

(1) kuzamura no gutera imbere mubice byo hepfo bizamura iterambere ryinganda za plastiki zahinduwe

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryitumanaho rya 5G, interineti yibintu, ubwenge bwubukorikori, icapiro rya 3D nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, izamuka ryurugo rwubwenge, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, nibindi, isoko ryisoko ryibikorwa bikomeje gutera imbere, iterambere ryudushya mubikorwa bya plastiki byahinduwe bizakomeza kwiyongera. Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwahinduwe bwa plastiki bushingiye ku mahanga buracyakomeza kuba hejuru, byanze bikunze kuba plastiki ihindurwa cyane byanze bikunze, hamwe n'ubucucike buke, ubukana bwinshi, ubukana bwinshi, ubukana bw’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibinyabuzima bihindagurika bikomoka ku bikoresho bya pulasitike bizakoreshwa cyane kandi bikoreshwa cyane.

Hamwe nimodoka nshya zingufu, amazu yubwenge nibindi bikenerwa ku isoko nabyo bizatanga ibyifuzo byinshi bya plastiki nziza zahinduwe neza, plastike zitandukanye zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zahinduwe zizatangiza isoko yiterambere.

(2) iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura kugirango riteze imbere kuzamura ibikoresho bya plastiki byahinduwe

Hamwe nogukoresha ibisabwa, inganda zahinduwe za plastiki nazo zirimo guteza imbere cyane tekinoloji nshya yo guhindura no gutunganya ibintu, iteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryahinduwe, hiyongereyeho iterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere rya gakondo, tekinoroji ya flame retardant, tekinoloji yo guhindura imikorere, imikorere idasanzwe, tekinoroji ikoreshwa ya tekinoroji ikoreshwa nayo iziyongera, inganda za plastike zahinduwe zerekana inzira zitandukanye zo guhinduranya tekinoloji ihinduka, ubwubatsi bwa plastike rusange-yubukorikori.

Ubwubatsi rusange-bugamije gukora plastike aribwo, rusange-intego-ya plastiki binyuze muguhindura buhoro buhoro ifite bimwe mubiranga plastike yubuhanga, kuburyo ishobora gusimbuza igice cya plastiki yubuhanga, bityo igafata buhoro buhoro igice cyisoko rya porogaramu gakondo ya plastiki yubuhanga. Ubwubatsi bwa plastike yubuhanga ikora neza binyuze muburyo bwo kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryahinduwe, plastiki yubuhanga yahinduwe irashobora kugera cyangwa ikarenga imikorere yibice byicyuma, mumyaka yashize, hamwe namakuru yamakuru n’itumanaho ry’Ubushinwa, inganda nshya z’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zazamutse cyane, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byahinduwe cyane byazamutse cyane, birashobora guhuza n’ibidukikije bikora cyane hamwe n’ingufu zikoreshwa cyane mu buhanga bwa plastike.

Byongeye kandi, kubera imyumvire mbonezamubano yo kurengera ibidukikije no kuyobora politiki y’igihugu, icyifuzo cy’isoko ku bidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu za karubone nkeya, kongera gukoreshwa no kwangirika kwangiza plastiki byahinduwe na byo biriyongera, icyifuzo cy’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kiragenda cyiyongera, cyane cyane impumuro nke, VOC nkeya, nta gutera ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bya tekiniki bishobora gukwirakwiza urwego rwose rw’inganda hejuru no mu majyepfo.

(3) gukaza umurego ku isoko, kwibanda ku nganda bizarushaho gutera imbere

Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwahinduye inganda zikora plastike ni nyinshi, amarushanwa y’inganda arakaze, ugereranije n’inganda nini mpuzamahanga, ubushobozi rusange bwa tekinike y’inganda zahinduwe mu Bushinwa buracyafite icyuho runaka. Ingaruka z’intambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa, icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga w’icyorezo n’ibindi bintu byinshi, inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa zita cyane ku iyubakwa ry’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa, bisaba urwego ruhamye kandi rwizewe, rushimangira ubwigenge kandi bugenzurwa, ari nabwo butanga amahirwe mashya ku nganda za plastiki zahinduwe mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’amasoko mpuzamahanga y’inganda zishobora kuzamuka ku ruganda rushya rw’inganda.

Muri icyo gihe kandi, guhuza ikoranabuhanga, kutagira ubushakashatsi bwigenga n’ubushobozi bwiterambere, ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa n’inganda zo hasi nazo zizahura n’ikibazo cyo kuvaho buhoro buhoro ku isoko, kandi kongera ingufu mu kwibanda ku nganda nabyo bizahinduka inzira rusange y’iterambere.