Ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi bya polyether, nka okiside ya propylene, styrene, acrylonitrile na Ethylene oxyde, ni ibikomoka kumasoko ya peteroli, kandi ibiciro byabyo biterwa na macroeconomic nibitangwa nibisabwa kandi bigahinduka kenshi, bigatuma bigorana kugenzura ibiciro muri inganda nyinshi. Nubwo biteganijwe ko igiciro cya oxyde ya propylene kizagabanuka mu 2022 bitewe n’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro mushya, igitutu cyo kugenzura ibiciro biva mu bindi bikoresho by’ibanze bikiriho.

Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi budasanzwe bwinganda

Igiciro cyibicuruzwa byinshi bigizwe ahanini nibikoresho bitaziguye nka okiside ya propylene, styrene, acrylonitrile, okiside ya Ethylene, nibindi. igipimo runaka cyibipimo byumusaruro, bityo isosiyete ikwirakwiza isoko ryibikoresho fatizo byamasoko birasobanutse neza. Mugihe cyo hasi yinganda, ibicuruzwa byinshi bifite ahantu henshi hashyirwa mubikorwa, kandi abakiriya berekana ibiranga ubwinshi, gutatanya hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye, bityo inganda zikoresha cyane cyane ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bw "umusaruro kubicuruzwa".

Urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga n'ibiranga tekiniki biranga inganda

Kugeza ubu, urwego rwigihugu rusabwa ninganda nyinshi ni GB / T12008.1-7, ariko buri ruganda rushyira mubikorwa urwego rwumushinga. Ibigo bitandukanye bitanga ubwoko bumwe bwibicuruzwa bitewe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bwo gukora, ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byingenzi, inzira zitunganyirizwa, kugenzura ubuziranenge, nibindi, hariho itandukaniro ryubwiza bwibicuruzwa no guhagarara neza.

Nyamara, inganda zimwe na zimwe mu nganda zamenye ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze binyuze mu gihe kirekire cyigenga R&D no gukusanya ikoranabuhanga, kandi imikorere ya bimwe mu bicuruzwa byabo igeze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ibicuruzwa bisa mu mahanga.

Uburyo bwo guhatana no kumenyekanisha inganda zinganda

(1) Uburyo bwo guhatana mpuzamahanga no kumenyekanisha inganda zinganda

Mu gihe cy’imyaka 13 y’imyaka itanu, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’isi yose buragenda bwiyongera muri rusange, kandi intego nyamukuru yo kwagura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro ni muri Aziya, aho Ubushinwa bufite ubwiyongere bwihuse kandi kikaba ari igihugu gikomeye ku bicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa ku isi ya poli. Ubushinwa, Amerika n'Uburayi nibyo bihugu bikoresha isi yose hamwe n’abakora ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi. Duhereye ku nganda zibyara umusaruro, kuri ubu, isi yose itanga umusaruro mwinshi ni nini mu bunini kandi yibanda cyane ku musaruro, cyane cyane mu maboko y’amasosiyete manini mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nka BASF, Costco, Dow Chemical na Shell.

(2) Uburyo bwo guhatana no kwamamaza isoko ryinganda zo murugo

Inganda za polyurethane mu Bushinwa zatangiye mu mpera za 1950 no mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, kandi kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, inganda za polyurethane zari mu ntangiriro, zikaba zifite toni 100.000 gusa / umwaka z’ubushobozi bwa polyether mu 1995. Kuva mu 2000, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse. mu nganda zo mu bwoko bwa polyurethane, umubare munini w’ibiti bya polyether wubatswe kandi inganda za polyether zaraguwe mu Bushinwa, kandi n’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro bwagiye bwiyongera, kandi inganda za polyether zahindutse inganda z’imiti yihuta cyane muri Ubushinwa. Inganda za polyether zahindutse inganda zikura vuba mu nganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa.

Inzira yinyungu murwego rwinganda nyinshi

Urwego rwinyungu rwinganda za polyether rugenwa cyane cyane nibikoresho bya tekiniki yibicuruzwa hamwe n’inyongeragaciro y’ibisabwa munsi, kandi binaterwa nihindagurika ry’ibiciro fatizo n’ibindi bintu.

Mu nganda zinyuranye, urwego rwinyungu rwibigo ruratandukanye cyane bitewe nubunini mubipimo, igiciro, ikoranabuhanga, imiterere yibicuruzwa nubuyobozi. Ibigo bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwa R&D, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nibikorwa binini binini mubisanzwe bifite imbaraga zo guhahirana hamwe ninyungu nyinshi ugereranije nubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byongerewe agaciro. Ibinyuranye na byo, hari inzira yo guhatanira guhuza ibicuruzwa byinshi, urwego rwinyungu ruzaguma kurwego rwo hasi, cyangwa no kugabanuka.

Kugenzura cyane kurengera ibidukikije no kugenzura umutekano bizagenga gahunda yinganda

“Gahunda y’imyaka 14 n’imyaka itanu” yerekana neza ko “imyuka ihumanya ikirere cyose izakomeza kugabanuka, ibidukikije bizakomeza gutera imbere, kandi inzitizi z’umutekano w’ibidukikije zizaba zikomeye”. Kwiyongera ku bipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije bizongera ishoramari ry’ibidukikije mu bigo, guhatira ibigo kuvugurura imikorere y’umusaruro, gushimangira ibikorwa by’umusaruro w’icyatsi no gutunganya neza ibikoresho kugira ngo urusheho kunoza umusaruro no kugabanya “imyanda itatu” yakozwe, kandi bizamura ireme ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro. Muri icyo gihe, inganda zizakomeza gukuraho ingufu zikoreshwa inyuma y’ingufu, ubushobozi bw’umwanda mwinshi, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro n’ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro, bigatuma ibidukikije bisukuye

Muri icyo gihe kandi, inganda zizakomeza kuvanaho ingufu zikoreshwa cyane inyuma y’ingufu, umusaruro mwinshi w’umwanda, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro n’ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro, ku buryo ibigo bifite gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye kandi bikayobora ingufu za R&D bigaragarira amaso, kandi bigateza imbere kwihutisha inganda. , kugirango ibigo byerekezo byiterambere ryimbitse, kandi amaherezo bitezimbere iterambere ryiza ryinganda zimiti.

Inzitizi ndwi mu nganda nyinshi

(1) Inzitizi za tekiniki n'ikoranabuhanga

Mugihe imirima ikoreshwa yibicuruzwa byinshi ikomeje kwaguka, ibisabwa ninganda zo hasi kumurongo wa polyether nabyo byerekana buhoro buhoro ibiranga ubuhanga, gutandukana no kwimenyekanisha. Guhitamo inzira yimiti yimiti, igishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo catalizator, ikoranabuhanga ryogutunganya no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa polyether byose birakomeye kandi byabaye ibintu byingenzi kugirango ibigo byitabira amarushanwa kumasoko. Hamwe n’ibisabwa by’igihugu bikenewe cyane mu kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, inganda nazo zizatera imbere mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, karubone nkeya n’inyongeragaciro mu bihe biri imbere. Kubwibyo, kumenya tekinoroji yingenzi ni inzitizi ikomeye yo kwinjira muruganda.

(2) Inzitizi y'impano

Imiterere yimiti ya polyether nibyiza cyane kuburyo impinduka nto mumurongo wa molekile zizatera impinduka mumikorere yibicuruzwa, bityo rero neza neza tekinoloji yumusaruro ifite ibisabwa bikomeye, bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, iterambere ryiterambere hamwe nubuhanga bwo gucunga umusaruro. Ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa byinshi birakomeye, ntibisaba gusa iterambere ryibicuruzwa byihariye kubikorwa bitandukanye, ariko kandi bisaba ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere yimiterere umwanya uwariwo wose hamwe nibicuruzwa byinganda zo hasi hamwe nubuhanga nyuma yo kugurisha.

Niyo mpamvu, inganda zifite ibisabwa cyane kubuhanga bwumwuga nubuhanga, bagomba kuba bafite urufatiro rukomeye, hamwe nuburambe bukomeye bwa R&D nubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhanga udushya. Kugeza ubu, abanyamwuga bo murugo bafite amateka akomeye kandi bafite uburambe bufatika mu nganda baracyari bake. Mubisanzwe, inganda mu nganda zizahuza uburyo bwo gukomeza gutanga impano no guhugura gukurikirana, no kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana mu gushyiraho uburyo bwimpano bukwiranye nimiterere yabo. Kubinjira bashya mu nganda, kubura impano zumwuga bizatera inzitizi yo kwinjira.

(3) Inzitizi yo kugura ibikoresho

Okiside ya propylene ni ibikoresho byingenzi mu nganda z’imiti kandi ni imiti ishobora guteza akaga, bityo ibigo bigura bigomba kuba bifite ibyangombwa by’umutekano. Hagati aho, abatanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cya okiside ya propylene ni amasosiyete manini y’imiti nka Sinopec Group, Jishen Chemical Industry Company Limited, Shandong Jinling, Wudi Xinyue Chemical Company Limited, Binhua, Wanhua Chemical na Jinling Huntsman. Ibigo byavuzwe haruguru bihitamo gufatanya ninganda zifite ubushobozi buhamye bwo gukoresha okiside ya propylene mugihe cyo guhitamo abakiriya bo hasi, gushiraho umubano wuzuzanya n’abakoresha bo hasi kandi wibanda ku gihe kirekire kandi gihamye cy’ubufatanye. Iyo abinjira bashya mu nganda badafite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha okiside ya propylene mu buryo butajegajega, birabagora kubona ibikoresho bihamye biva mu nganda.

(4) Inzitizi nyamukuru

Inzitizi y’imari y’inganda igaragarira cyane cyane mu bintu bitatu: icya mbere, ishoramari ry’ibikoresho bya tekiniki bikenewe, icya kabiri, igipimo cy’umusaruro gikenewe kugira ngo ubukungu bwifashe neza, icya gatatu, ishoramari mu bikoresho byo kubungabunga umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije. Hamwe n'umuvuduko wo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa, ubuziranenge, kugiti cyihariye cyo hasi hamwe n'umutekano muke hamwe n’ibidukikije, ishoramari n’ibikorwa by’inganda biriyongera. Ku binjira bashya mu nganda, bagomba kugera ku ntera runaka y’ubukungu kugira ngo bahangane n’ibigo bihari mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, ibiciro ndetse n’impano, bityo bikaba intambamyi y’amafaranga mu nganda.

(5) Inzitizi ya sisitemu yo kuyobora

Porogaramu yo hasi yinganda zinganda ziragutse kandi ziratatanye, kandi sisitemu yibicuruzwa bigoye hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibisabwa byabakiriya bifite ibisabwa byinshi kubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gucunga imikorere yabatanga isoko. Serivise zabatanga ibicuruzwa, harimo R&D, ibikoresho byo kugerageza, umusaruro, gucunga ibarura na nyuma yo kugurisha, byose bisaba sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwizewe hamwe nisoko ryiza ryo gutanga inkunga. Sisitemu yubuyobozi yavuzwe haruguru isaba igeragezwa ryigihe kinini nigishoro kinini cyishoramari, ibyo bikaba inzitizi ikomeye yo kwinjira kubakora inganda nto n'iziciriritse.

(6) Kurengera ibidukikije n'inzitizi z'umutekano

Uruganda rukora imiti mu Bushinwa rushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kwemeza, gufungura inganda z’imiti bigomba kuba byujuje ibyateganijwe kandi byemejwe n’ubwumvikane mbere yo kwishora mu bikorwa no mu bikorwa. Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'inganda z'isosiyete, nka okiside ya propylene, ni imiti ishobora guteza akaga, kandi inganda zinjira muri uyu murima zigomba kunyura mu nzira zigoye kandi zikomeye nko gusuzuma imishinga, gusuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera, gusuzuma ibizamini no kwemerwa ku buryo bwuzuye, hanyuma bikarangira biboneye uruhushya mbere yuko zitanga ku mugaragaro.

Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe n’iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu, ibisabwa ku rwego rw’igihugu mu gutanga umusaruro w’umutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bigenda byiyongera, ibigo bito bito, byunguka bidafite inyungu nyinshi ntibishobora kubona ubushobozi. kwiyongera k'umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije no kugenda buhoro buhoro. Ishoramari n’umutekano wo kurengera ibidukikije ryabaye imwe mu nzitizi zikomeye zinjira mu nganda.

(7) Inzitizi

Umusaruro wibicuruzwa bya polyurethane mubisanzwe bifata inzira yo kubumba inshuro imwe, kandi iyo polyether nkibikoresho fatizo bifite ibibazo, bizatera ibibazo byubuziranenge kumurwi wose wibicuruzwa bya polyurethane. Kubwibyo, ubuziranenge buhamye bwibicuruzwa byinshi nibintu byingenzi kubakoresha. Cyane cyane kubakiriya mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, bafite uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa, gusuzuma, kwemeza no gutoranya, kandi bakeneye kunyura mu matsinda mato, ibyiciro byinshi hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kugerageza no kugerageza. Kubwibyo, gushiraho ikirango no kwegeranya umutungo wabakiriya bisaba igihe kirekire kandi kinini cyishoramari ryuzuye ryumutungo, kandi biragoye ko abinjira bashya bahanganye ninganda zambere mubirango nibindi bintu mugihe gito, bityo bigakora a inzitizi ikomeye.