Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya PolyEther, nk'ubutaka, Styrene, Acryrene na Etylene oxide, kandi ibiciro byayo bigira ingaruka ku marozi kandi bikaba bituma bigora kugenzura ibiciro Inganda za Poyiter. Nubwo igiciro cya propaylene oxide igabanuka muri 2022 kubera kwibanda ku bushobozi bushya bwo gutanga umusaruro, igitutu cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bivuye mubindi bikoresho byibanze byibanze biracyahari.

Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi cyihariye cyinganda za polyether

Igiciro cyibicuruzwa posteher ahagizwe ahanini nka propylene oxide, Stryrene, Acryne oxide ya EtSoride Igipimo runaka cyigipimo cyumusaruro, bityo sosiyete isosiyete isosiyete itanga ibikoresho byo gutanga isoko biratanga umusaruro. Mu buryo butuje bw'inganda, ibicuruzwa bya PolyTher bifite aho bibanza bisabwa, kandi abakiriya bagaragaza ibiranga amajwi menshi, bityo inganda zikenewe cyane cyane, bityo rero inganda zisabwa, bityo inganda zisabwa, bityo inganda zikenewe cyane cyane mu bucuruzi bw '"umusaruro no kugurisha".

Urwego rwikoranabuhanga hamwe nibiranga tekiniki yinganda za Polyer

Kugeza ubu, igipimo cy'igihugu gisabwa cy'inganda za Poyiter ni GB / t12008.1-7, ariko buri wese wasabye ashyira mubikorwa bisanzwe. Ibigo bitandukanye bitanga ibicuruzwa bimwe kubera itandukaniro mugutegurwa, ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byingenzi, kugenzura ubuziranenge, nibindi byinshi mubicuruzwa bifite ireme hamwe nibicuruzwa.

Icyakora, imishinga imwe n'imwe mu nganda zamenye ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze binyuze mu kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kirekire, kandi imikorere y'ibicuruzwa byabo yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru y'ibicuruzwa bisaga mu mahanga.

Irushanwa ryo guhatana no ku isoko ryinganda za Polyer

(1) Amarushanwa Mpuzamahanga Yimiterere no Kwinjiza Isoko Ri PolyTur

Mu gihe cy'imyaka 13, ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro ku isi bwa Poyother bukura muri rusange, kandi hashobora kwibanda ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bw'umusaruro ari muri Aziya, muri bo Ubushinwa bufite ubushobozi bwihuse kandi ni igihugu cyo gutanga umusaruro ku isi no ku isi ya PolyEther. Ubushinwa, Amerika n'Uburayi ni abaguzi bakomeye ku isi ndetse n'abashinzwe gusora gukomeye ku isi. Duhereye ku bishinga by'imirimo, kuri ubu, ibice bya PolyTher PolyTher ku isi ni binini mu musaruro, cyane cyane mu maboko y'amasosiyete manini manini nka basf, igikoma.

(2) Irushanwa ryo guhatana no ku isoko ryinganda zo murugo

Inganda za Polinethane y'Ubushinwa zatangiye mu mpera za 1950 na 1960, kandi kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, inganda za Polinethane, zifite toni 100.000 / kuva mu mwaka wa PolyEther gusa. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2000, hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse y'inganda zo mu gihugu, umubare munini wibiti bya polyther byubatswe kandi ibihingwa bya polterar byaguwe mubushinwa, kandi inganda zumwanzuro wabaye umaze gukura, kandi inganda za poltar zabaye inta nganda zikura cyane mubushinwa. Inganda za Polyer zahindutse inganda zihinga mu nganda z'ubuvuzi bw'Ubushinwa.

Icyerekezo cyunguka munganda za polyer

Urwego rwinganda rwinganda za poltaher rugenwa cyane nibikorwa bya tekiniki byibicuruzwa hamwe nagaciro-byongeweho porogaramu zamanutse, kandi nanone bigira ingaruka kubiciro byibiciro fatizo nibindi bintu.

Munganda za polyer, urwego rwimikoreshereze yintoki ziratandukanye cyane nubucane mu gipimo, ikiguzi, ikoranabuhanga, imiterere yimikorere nubuyobozi. Ibigo bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwa R & D, ibicuruzwa byiza byimiterere nibikorwa bikomeye mubisanzwe bifite imbaraga zikomeye hamwe nimbaraga zidasanzwe zunguka no gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byongera agaciro. Ibinyuranye nibyo, hariho icyerekezo cyamarushanwa yo guhuza ibijyanye nibicuruzwa bya polyether, urwego rwinyungu ruzaguma kurwego rwo hasi, cyangwa no kugabanuka.

Kugenzura gukomeye kurinda ibidukikije no kugenzura umutekano bizagenzura inganda

"Gahunda y'imyaka itanu" ishyira imbere ko "imyuka ihumanya nyazo z'imyambaro ikomeye izakomeza kugabanuka, ibidukikije bizakomeza gutera imbere, ibidukikije bizakomeza gutera imbere, kandi inzitizi y'umutekano izakomeza gutera imbere, kandi inzitizi y'umutekano izakomeza kugenda, kandi inzitizi y'umutekano ibidukikije izakomera cyane". Kwiyongera ku bidukikije bisembuye bizongera ishoramari ry'ibidukikije, bihatira ibigo kugira ngo bisubize mu buryo bwo kuvugurura umusaruro, gushimangira gahunda y'icyatsi no kugabanya ibikoresho byo kurushaho kunoza imikorere no kugabanya "ibicuruzwa byiza. Muri icyo gihe, inganda zizakomeza gukuraho ibiyobyabwenge byinyuma, ubushobozi bwo guhungabanya umusaruro mwinshi, umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa n'ibikoresho umusaruro, gukora ibidukikije bisukuye

Muri icyo gihe, inganda zizakomeza gukuraho ibijyanye no gukoresha ingufu z'inyuma, ubushobozi bwo guhungabanya umusaruro mwinshi, ibikoresho byo ku musaruro byanduye, bityo bikaba umusaruro ushinzwe umutekano w'ibidukikije ndetse no guteza imbere imbaraga zihuta , kugirango imishinga iyobowe niterambere ryinshi, kandi amaherezo itezimbere iterambere ryiza ryinganda.

Inzitizi zirindwi mu nganda za Poyiter

(1) Inzitizi za tekiniki n'ikoranabuhanga

Mugihe ibipimo bya porogaramu yibicuruzwa bya polyether bikomeje kwaguka, ibisabwa byinganda zamanutse kuri polyther nabyo byerekana buhoro buhoro ibiranga umwihariko, gutandukana no kwimenyekanisha. Guhitamo inzira ya chimique, igishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo catalyst, gutunganya ikoranabuhanga hamwe nubuhanga bwiza bwa polyntur birakomeye cyane kandi byahindutse ibintu byingenzi byinjira mumarushanwa yisoko. Inganda zigenda zigenda zishimangira ku bijyanye no kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zizateza imbere mu cyerekezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije, karubone nke na karubone. Kubwibyo, kumenya ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi ni inzitizi ikomeye yo kwinjira muriyi nganda.

(2) Barrière

Imiterere yimiti ya PolyEther irameze neza kuburyo impinduka nto mumurongo wacyo uzatera impinduka mubikorwa byibicuruzwa, bityo ikoranabuhanga ryimikorere rifite ibisabwa byigenga, bisaba iterambere ryimikorere no gutunganya ibintu. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibicuruzwa bya polteher birakomeye, ntibisaba iterambere ryibicuruzwa byihariye kubintu bitandukanye, ariko nubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere igihe icyo aricyo cyose hamwe nibicuruzwa byo hasi hamwe nibicuruzwa bya serivisi byanyuma.

Kubwibyo, iyi nganda ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubihanga bya tekiniki yabigize umwuga nubuhanga, bigomba kugira uburambe bukomeye, ndetse nuburambe bwagaciro bwa R & D nubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhanga udushya. Kugeza ubu, inzobere mu rugo zifite amateka akomeye kandi uburambe bufatika mu nganda buracyafite bike. Mubisanzwe, imishinga iri mu nganda izihuza burundu amahugurwa ahoraho n'amahugurwa yo gukurikirana, no kunoza irushanwa ryabo ryibanze gushiraho uburyo bwimpano bubereye imiterere yabo. Kubasubizwa bashya kuri Inganda, kubura impano zumwuga bizakora inzitizi yo kwinjira.

(3) bariyeri ya remezo

Indaya ya proppide ni ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi mubikorwa byimiti kandi ni imiti ishobora guteza akaga, bityo rero ibigo byo kugura bigomba kugira impamyabumenyi yumutekano. Hagati aho, abatanga umusaruro w'imiryango ni ibigo binini by'imiti nk'itsinda rya Sindopec, Shandon Jinsongry Limited, Shandon Jinsosiyete Linling, Shandon Jinling, Bicua, wa Wanhua na Hunling Huntsman. Ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru bifasha gufatanya nimishinga ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibiraro byamavuta mugihe cyo guhitamo abakiriya bamanutse hamwe nabakoresha igihe kirekire hamwe nabakoresha igihe kirekire kandi bibanda ku bufatanye no gutureza ubufatanye no gutuza ubufatanye no gutuza ubufatanye no gutuza ubufatanye. Iyo abinjira bashya mu nganda badafite ubushobozi bwo kurya imyanda ya poropane, birabagora kubona ibikoresho bibisi byibikoresho byabakora.

(4) Barrière

Inzitizi nkuru y'iyi nganda zigaragarira cyane mu bintu bitatu: mbere, ibikoresho bya tekiniki bikenewe, icya kabiri, icya gatatu gikenewe cyo kugera ku bukungu, naho icya gatatu, ishoramari ry'ibikoresho byo kurinda umutekano n'ibikoresho byo kurengera ibidukikije n'ibikoresho byombi. Hamwe n'umuvuduko wo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho, ku buryo buke, umuntu ku giti cye, hashyizweho umutekano wo hejuru n'ibidukikije, ishoramari n'ibiciro byo gukora imishinga irazamuka. Kubasubizwa bashya kuri Inganda, bagomba kugera ku bukungu runaka kugira ngo bahangane n'inzego zisanzwe mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, amafaranga, ibiciro, bityo bikaba inzitizi y'amafaranga ku nganda.

(5) Barrière ya sisitemu

Gusaba Inganda za Polyer ni nini kandi karatatanye, na sisitemu yo gutanga ibicuruzwa bigoye hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa byibasiwe nubushobozi bwo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yo kuyobora sisitemu yubuyobozi bwabatanga sisitemu yo gukora. Serivisi z'abatanga, zirimo R & D, ibikoresho byo kugerageza, umusaruro, imicungire y'ibarura na nyuma yo kugurisha, byose bisaba uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo gushyigikirwa. Sisitemu yo kuyobora yavuzwe haruguru isaba igihe kirekire kandi umubare munini w'ishoramari ry'imari, bigize inzitizi nini yo kwinjira ku bakozi ba polyether bake.

(6) Kurengera ibidukikije n'umutekano

Ibigo bya chimique by'Ubushinwa kugira ngo bashyire mu bikorwa sisitemu yo kwemeza, gufungura imiti yimiti bigomba kubahiriza ibintu byagenwe kandi byemejwe nukwemera mbere yo gukora umusaruro no gukora. Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'inganda z'ibigo, nk'uburinzi bw'imiti, ni imiti yinjira mu murima igomba kunyura mu gipimo cy'imishinga, isuzuma ry'umushinga, Gusubiramo Ibibanza, kandi amaherezo bibona bijyanye Uruhushya mbere yo gutanga kumugaragaro.

Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe n'iterambere ry'imibereho n'ubukungu, ibisabwa mu gihugu ku mutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, kugabanya ingufu mu bigo bitoroshye, inyungu zidasanzwe zidasanzwe ntizishobora kugura Amafaranga yongera umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije hanyuma agenda buhoro buhoro. Ishoramari ry'umutekano n'itegeko rirengera ibidukikije byabaye kimwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi kwinjira mu nganda.

(7) Inzitizi

Gukora ibicuruzwa bya Polyurethane muri rusange bihindura igihe kimwe, kandi iyo polyethes nkibikoresho fatizo bifite ibibazo, bizatera ibibazo bikomeye kuri tatch yose yibicuruzwa byose bya polyurethane. Kubwibyo, imico ihamye yibicuruzwa postether akenshi ni ikintu cyibanze kubakoresha. By'umwihariko kubakiriya mu nganda zimodoka, bafite uburyo bukomeye bwo kwipimisha ibicuruzwa, gusuzuma no guhitamo no guhitamo, kandi bakeneye kunyura mubyiciro bito, ibyiciro byinshi nibigeragezo. Kubwibyo, kurema ibirango no kwinuba umutungo wabakiriya bisaba umubare munini kandi munini wishoramari rishya, kandi biragoye kubandi bashya guhatanira hamwe nimishinga migufi mukwakira no mu masomo make, bityo bikora a Inzitizi ikomeye.