Ibikoresho bya kopi birimo polyurethane, EPS, PET nibikoresho bya rubber, nibindi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya ibiro, imikorere yimiterere, kurwanya ingaruka no guhumurizwa, nibindi, byerekana imikorere, bikubiyemo inganda nyinshi nkibikoresho byubaka nubwubatsi, ibikoresho nibikoresho byo munzu, ubwikorezi, ibikoresho bya gisirikare nibikoresho. Kubera uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, ingano yisoko yumwaka yibikoresho byifuro kugirango igumane umuvuduko mwinshi wa 20%, nubu ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bishya murwego rwo kuzamuka byihuse, ariko kandi byateje impungenge inganda. Polyurethane (PU) ifuro nigice kinini cyibicuruzwa byabashinwa.

Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, ku isoko ry’isi ku bikoresho by’ifuro bigera kuri miliyari 93.9 z'amadolari, bikiyongera ku gipimo cya 4% -5% ku mwaka, kandi bivugwa ko mu 2026, isoko ry’isi ku isi riteganijwe kwiyongera rizagera kuri miliyari 118.9 z'amadolari.

Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ubukungu bw’isi yose, impinduka zihuse mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje ry’inganda zikora ifuro ry’inganda, akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika niko kagize uruhare runini ku isoko ry’ikoranabuhanga ku isi. 2020 Ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki by’Ubushinwa byageze kuri toni miliyoni 76.032, bikamanuka kuri 0,6% umwaka ushize bivuye kuri toni miliyoni 81.842 muri 2019. 2020 Ubushinwa bw’ifuro ry’ifuro bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.566, bugabanukaho 0,62% umwaka ushize buva kuri 0,62% umwaka ushize ugabanuka muri 2019.

Muri byo, Intara ya Guangdong iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gutanga ifuro mu gihugu, umusaruro wa toni 643.000 muri 2020; hagakurikiraho Intara ya Zhejiang, hamwe na toni 326.000; Intara ya Jiangsu iri ku mwanya wa gatatu, hamwe na toni 205.000; Sichuan na Shandong bari ku mwanya wa kane n'uwa gatanu, hamwe na toni 168.000 na toni 140.000. Uhereye ku kigereranyo cy’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu 2020, Guangdong ifite 25.1%, Zhejiang igera kuri 12.7%, Jiangsu igera kuri 8.0%, Sichuan ihwanye na 6.6% naho Shandong ikaba 5.4%.

Kugeza ubu, Shenzhen, nk’ibanze mu ihuriro ry’umujyi wa Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay hamwe n’umwe mu mijyi yateye imbere mu Bushinwa mu bijyanye n’imbaraga zuzuye, yakusanyije urunigi rwuzuye mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ry’abashinwa riva mu bikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro, inganda zitandukanye, n’amasoko atandukanye akoreshwa nyuma. Mu rwego rwo guharanira iterambere ry’isi yose n’iterambere rirambye n’iterambere rirambye hamwe n’ingamba za “double carbone” mu Bushinwa, inganda za polymer zifata ingamba zo guhangana n’ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw’ibikorwa, kuzamura ibicuruzwa no kuzamura R&D, no kuvugurura amasoko, n'ibindi. Inzu Nshya). EXPO Ubushinwa ”, ihuza n'abashinzwe ibikoresho bya polymer ifuro, abahuza ifuro n'abakora ibicuruzwa, hamwe no gukoresha amaherezo ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji, kubahiriza no guteza imbere inganda!

Polyurethane mubice byinshi byibikoresho byinshi

Polyurethane (PU) ifuro nigicuruzwa kigize igice kinini cyibikoresho byinshi mu Bushinwa.

Ikintu nyamukuru kigize ifuro ya polyurethane ni polyurethane, naho ibikoresho fatizo ni isocyanate na polyol. Mugushyiramo inyongeramusaruro ikwiye, ikora umubare munini wifuro ikomoka mubicuruzwa byabyitwayemo, kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane. Binyuze muri polymer polyol na isocyanate hiyongereyeho inyongeramusaruro zinyuranye kugirango uhindure ubwinshi bwifuro, imbaraga zingana, kurwanya abrasion, elastique nibindi bipimo, byashizwemo byuzuye kandi byatewe mubibumbano kugirango byongere urunigi rwambukiranya imipaka, ibikoresho bitandukanye byubukorikori hagati ya plastiki na reberi birashobora gushingwa.

Ifuro ya polyurethane igabanyijemo ahanini ifuro ryoroshye, ifuro rikomeye hamwe na spray ifuro. Ifuro ryoroshye rikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye nko kwisiga, gusiga imyenda no kuyungurura, mugihe ifuro rikomeye rikoreshwa cyane cyane kumashanyarazi yumuriro hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakorewe mumyubakire yubucuruzi n’amazu ndetse no gusakara ifuro.

Rigid polyurethane ifuro ahanini ifunze-selile kandi ifite ibintu byiza cyane nkubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, uburemere bworoshye nubwubatsi bworoshye.

Ifite kandi ibimenyetso biranga amajwi, guhungabana, amashanyarazi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya ibishishwa, nibindi. Ikoreshwa cyane murwego rwo kubika agasanduku ka firigo na firigo, ibikoresho byo kubika ububiko bukonje n'imodoka ikonjesha, ibikoresho byo kubika inyubako, ikigega cyo kubikamo imiyoboro, hamwe n'amafaranga make bikoreshwa mugihe kitari icyuma, nk'ibikoresho byo kwigana,

Ifuro ya polyurethane irashobora gukoreshwa mugisenge no kurukuta, urugi nidirishya hamwe no gufunga ingabo. Nyamara, insimburangingo ya polyurethane izakomeza kurwanya amarushanwa kuva fiberglass na PS ifuro.

Impinduka ya polyurethane ifuro

Icyifuzo cya polyurethane yoroheje cyarenze buhoro buhoro icyinshi cya polyurethane mu myaka yashize. Ifumbire ya polyurethane yoroheje ni ubwoko bwa polyurethane yoroheje ifitemo urwego runaka rwa elastique, kandi nigicuruzwa cya polyurethane gikoreshwa cyane.

Ibicuruzwa birimo cyane cyane ifuro ryinshi (HRF), guhagarika sponge, ifuro itinda kwihanganira ifuro, kwikuramo ifuro (ISF), hamwe nifuro ikurura ingufu.

Imiterere yububiko bwa polyurethane yoroheje ifuro ahanini ifunguye pore. Mubisanzwe, ifite ubucucike buke, kwinjiza amajwi, guhumeka, kubika ubushyuhe nibindi bintu, ahanini bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho byo kuryamaho byo gutwara ibintu, ibikoresho bitandukanye byoroshye padding byashyizwe hamwe. Gukoresha inganda n’imbonezamubano gukoresha ifuro yoroshye nkibikoresho byo kuyungurura, ibikoresho byo kubika amajwi, ibikoresho bitagira shitingi, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe.

Polyurethane kumanuka kwaguka umuvuduko

Inganda za polyurethane zo mu Bushinwa ziratera imbere byihuse, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’iterambere ry’isoko.

Ifuro ya polyurethane irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa gupakira ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibikoresho by'agaciro, ubukorikori bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, n'ibindi. Birashobora kandi gukorwa mu bikoresho bipfunyika byoroshye kandi birinda cyane; irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugupakira ibintu kubintu kurubuga.

Polyurethane ikomeye ifuro ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukingira adiabatic, gukonjesha no gukonjesha hamwe nububiko bukonje, imbaho ​​za adiabatic, urukuta, urukuta, imiyoboro yububiko, kubika ibigega, ibikoresho bya kopi yibikoresho byinshi, nibindi.; polyurethane yoroshye ifuro ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo mu nzu, kuryama nibindi bicuruzwa byo murugo, nka sofa nintebe, imisego yinyuma, matelas n umusego.

Ahanini ufite ibyifuzo muri: ibizunguruka (10) ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ibikoresho bya siporo (ibikoresho birinda, abashinzwe kurinda amaboko, abashinzwe kurinda ibirenge, bokisi baterana amakofe, ingofero, nibindi)

Ikigo cy’uburemere bw’iterambere rya polyurethane ku isi hose nacyo cyahindutse buhoro buhoro mu Bushinwa, kandi ifuro rya polyurethane ryabaye imwe mu nganda zikura vuba mu nganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa.

Mu myaka yashize, iterambere ryihuse ry’imashini zikonjesha mu ngo, kubaka ingufu, ingufu z’izuba, amamodoka, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n’izindi nganda byazamuye cyane icyifuzo cya polyurethane.

Mugihe cy "gahunda yimyaka 13 yimyaka itanu", mugihe cyimyaka igera kuri 20 igogorwa, kwinjiza no kongera gukora inganda zibisi za polyurethane, tekinoroji yumusaruro wa MDI nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro biri mubyiciro byambere ku isi, ikoranabuhanga rya polyether polyol hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse n'ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya bikomeje gutera imbere, ibicuruzwa byo murwego rwo hejuru bikomeje kugaragara, kandi ikinyuranyo ninzego zateye imbere zikomeje kugabanuka. 2019 Ubushinwa Gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane ni toni zigera kuri miliyoni 11.5 (harimo n’umuti), kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, kandi n’akarere k’ibicuruzwa binini bya polyurethane nini ku isi, isoko rirakura, kandi inganda zitangiye kwinjira mu gihe cyo kuzamura ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ryiza.

Ukurikije igipimo cy’inganda, ingano y’isoko ry’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa polyurethane bifite uruhare runini ku mugabane munini, hamwe n’isoko rya toni zigera kuri miliyoni 4.67, muri zo zikaba ahanini zifite ibikoresho byoroshye bya polyurethane byoroshye, bingana na 56%. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryamashanyarazi na elegitoronike mubushinwa, cyane cyane kuzamura firigo hamwe nubwoko bwububiko, igipimo cyisoko ryibikoresho bya polyurethane nacyo gikomeje kwiyongera.

Kugeza ubu, inganda za polyurethane zateye intambwe nshya hamwe no guhanga udushya no guteza imbere icyatsi nkinsanganyamatsiko. Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wa polyurethane wamanutse nkibikoresho byubwubatsi, spandex, uruhu rukora hamwe n’imodoka mu Bushinwa biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Igihugu giteza imbere ingufu zishingiye ku mazi, gushyira mu bikorwa politiki nshya yo kubaka ingufu z’ingufu no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ari nabyo bizana amahirwe menshi y’isoko ku nganda za polyurethane. Intego ya “double carbone” yatanzwe n’Ubushinwa izateza imbere iterambere ryihuse ry’ingufu zo kuzigama ingufu n’inganda zisukuye, bizazana amahirwe mashya y’iterambere ry’ibikoresho byangiza insimburangingo ya polyurethane, ibifuniko, ibikoresho bikomatanya, ibifunga, elastomeri, nibindi.

Isoko ryubukonje bukonje butuma polyurethane ikomera

Ibiro Bikuru by’Inama y’igihugu byasohoye gahunda y’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa bikonje byerekana ko mu mwaka wa 2020, Ubushinwa bw’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bikonje bingana na miliyari zisaga 380, ubushobozi bwo kubika imbeho bugera kuri metero kibe miliyoni 180, ibikonjesha bikonjesha bifite hafi 287.000, bikurikiranye, “Gahunda ya cumi na kabiri y’imyaka itanu” Iherezo ryigihe cya 2.4, inshuro 2 na 2.6.

Mubikoresho byinshi byo kubika, polyurethane ifite imikorere myiza yo gukumira, ikoreshwa cyane. Ugereranije n’ibindi bikoresho, ibikoresho byo kubika polyurethane birashobora kuzigama hafi 20% y’amashanyarazi yo kubika imbeho nini, kandi ingano y’isoko igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bikonje. Igihe cya "14th Five-Year", mugihe abatuye mu mijyi no mucyaro bakomeje kuzamura imiterere y’imikoreshereze, ubushobozi bw’isoko rinini bizihutisha irekurwa ry’ibikoresho bikonje kugira ngo habeho umwanya mugari. Gahunda ivuga ko mu 2025, hashyizweho uburyo bwa mbere bw’urusobe rw’ibikoresho bikonje, imiterere n’iyubakwa ry’ikigo cy’ibicuruzwa bigera ku 100 by’imigozi ikonje, kubaka ikigo cy’ibicuruzwa bikwirakwizwa no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bikonje, kurangiza shingiro ry’ibice bitatu bikonje bikurikirana; muri 2035, kurangiza byuzuye sisitemu yubukonje bugezweho. Ibi bizarushaho gukenera ibikoresho bya polyurethane bikonje.

Ibikoresho bya TPU byazamutse cyane

TPU ninganda izuba rirashe mubikorwa bishya bya polymer ibikoresho, porogaramu zo hasi zikomeza kwaguka, kwibanda ku nganda kugirango turusheho kuzamura udushya mu ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga bizarushaho guteza imbere gusimburana mu gihugu.

Nkuko TPU ifite imiterere myiza yumubiri nubukanishi, nkimbaraga nyinshi, gukomera kwinshi, elastique yo hejuru, modulus nyinshi, ariko kandi ifite imiti irwanya imiti, irwanya kwambara, irwanya amavuta, ubushobozi bwo gukuramo ihungabana nibindi bikorwa byiza byuzuye, imikorere myiza yo gutunganya, ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byinkweto (inkweto zinkweto), insinga, firime, tebes, amamodoka, ubuvuzi nizindi nganda, nibintu byiyongera cyane muri polyurethane. Inganda zinkweto ziracyakoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya TPU mubushinwa, ariko igipimo cyaragabanutse, bingana na 30%, igipimo cya firime, imiyoboro ikoreshwa TPU iragenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro, imigabane ibiri yisoko ya 19% na 15%.

Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bushya bwa TPU bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro umusaruro, igipimo cyo gutangiza TPU muri 2018 na 2019 cyiyongereye gahoro gahoro, 2014-2019 umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu TPU wiyongera buri mwaka kugera kuri 15.46%. 2019 Inganda za TPU mu Bushinwa zikomeje kwagura igipimo cy’icyerekezo, mu 2020 Ubushinwa TPU ikora toni zigera kuri 601.000, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibicuruzwa bya TPU ku isi Birenze.

Umusaruro rusange wa TPU mu gice cya mbere cya 2021 ni toni zigera ku 300.000, wiyongereyeho toni 40.000 cyangwa 11.83% ugereranije n’icyo gihe kimwe cya 2020. Ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wa TPU mu Bushinwa bwagutse vuba mu myaka itanu ishize, kandi umuvuduko wo gutangiza nawo wagaragaje ko uzamuka, aho Ubushinwa bwa TPU bwiyongereye buva kuri toni 641.000 bukagera kuri toni 995.000 kuva ku mwaka wa 2016-2020. Dufatiye ku mikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze ya 2016-2020 Ubushinwa bukoresha TPU elastomer ikoreshwa muri rusange, ikoreshwa rya TPU muri 2020 ryarenze toni 500.000, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka wa 12.1%. Biteganijwe ko imikoreshereze yacyo izagera kuri toni 900.000 mu 2026, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka hafi 10% mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Uruhu rwibihimbano ruteganijwe gukomeza gushyuha

Uruhu rwa sintetike polyurethane (uruhu rwa PU), ni polyurethane igizwe na epidermis, uruhu rwa microfiber, ubuziranenge buruta PVC (bakunze kwita uruhu rwiburengerazuba). Ubu abakora imyenda bakoresheje cyane ibikoresho kugirango babone imyenda, bakunze kwita imyenda yimpu yigana. PU hamwe nimpu nigice cya kabiri cyuruhu uruhande rwinyuma rwihishwa rwinka, rushyizwe hamwe nigice cya PU resin hejuru, bizwi kandi ko byitwa inka. Igiciro cyacyo gihendutse kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha kiri hejuru. Hamwe nimihindagurikire yimikorere nayo ikorwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byubwoko butandukanye, nkibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu byiciro bibiri byinka, kubera inzira idasanzwe, ubwiza buhamye, ubwoko bushya bwibitabo nibindi biranga, kubwuruhu rwohejuru rwohejuru, igiciro nicyiciro ntabwo biri munsi yicyiciro cya mbere cyuruhu rwukuri.

Uruhu rwa PU kuri ubu ni ibicuruzwa byinjira cyane mu bicuruzwa by’uruhu; uruhu rwa PVC nubwo rurimo plasitike yangiza mu turere tumwe na tumwe birabujijwe, ariko guhangana n’ikirere cy’ibihe ndetse n’ibiciro biri hasi bituma isoko ryo hasi riracyafite irushanwa rikomeye; microfiber PU uruhu nubwo rufite ibyiyumvo bisa nimpu, ariko ibiciro byayo biri hejuru bigabanya imikoreshereze nini, umugabane w isoko hafi 5%.