Inzira ya Cumene niyihe?
Inzira ya Cumene nimwe muburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora ingandafenol(C₆H₅OH). Ubu buryo bukoresha cumene nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango bibyare fenol binyuze muri hydroxylation mubihe byihariye. Bitewe na tekinoroji ikuze, igiciro gito, hamwe nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, inzira ya cumene yo gukora fenol ikoreshwa cyane munganda zikora imiti.
Iyi ngingo izasesengura ihame nintambwe yumusaruro wa fenolu ukoresheje cumene kuburyo burambuye, ifasha abasomyi gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ubwo buhanga bukomeye bwo gukora imiti.
Ihame rya reaction yuburyo bwa Cumene
Igisubizo cyibanze mubikorwa bya fenolu nibikorwa bya cumene ni hydroxylation ya cumene. Ihame shingiro nuko itsinda rya methyl muri molekile ya cumene risimburwa nitsinda rya hydroxyl mubihe bya acide kugirango bibe fenol.
By'umwihariko, cumene (C₆H₅CH (CH₃) ₂) ifata aside irike ya sulfurike (H₂SO₄) munsi yubushyuhe kugirango itange p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C (OH) H (CH₃) ₂) hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bike bya sulfate. Ibikurikira, p-isopropylphenol ihinduka fenol (C₆H₅OH) binyuze muri hydrolysis. Muri rusange ibigereranyo bya chimique kubitekerezo ni ibi bikurikira:
C₆H₅CH (CH₃) ₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C (OH) H (CH₃) ₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C (OH) H (CH₃) ₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Birashobora kugaragara mubitekerezo byavuzwe haruguru ko urufunguzo rwibikorwa bya cumene ruri muri hydroxylation reaction ya acide na reaction ya hydrolysis. Acide ya sulfure igira uruhare runini nka catalizator mugihe cyose.
Intambwe Zintambwe Zibikorwa bya Cumene
Inzira yihariye yo kubyara umusaruro wa fenolu kubikorwa bya cumene irashobora kugabanywamo intambwe nyamukuru zikurikira:
1. Gutegura ibikoresho bito no gutegura
Intambwe yambere mubikorwa bya fenol mugikorwa cya cumene nugutegura no gukora ibikoresho fatizo. Cumene, ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi muriki gikorwa, bigomba kubanza kwezwa no kubitobora kugirango ubuziranenge bwabwo bugere kuri 99%. Acide ya sulfurike yibanze (mubisanzwe hamwe na 98%) ikoreshwa nka catalizator, igira uruhare runini mubitekerezo. Kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kugenda neza, amazi make yongewe kuri cumene kugirango ateze imbere aside aside ya sulfurike niterambere ryimyitwarire.
2. Igisubizo cya Hydroxylation
Mu cyiciro cya hydroxylation reaction, cumene na acide sulfurike yibanze bivangwa na reaction hanyuma bigashyuha kugeza kuri 100-130 ° C. Mugihe cya acide, itsinda rya methyl muri molekile ya cumene ikora hydroxylation kugirango ibe p-isopropylphenol na sulfate nibindi bicuruzwa. Iyi reaction nigisubizo kidasanzwe, kandi ubushyuhe bwibisubizo hamwe n'umuvuduko ukabije bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango habeho uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye bwa reaction.
3. Igisubizo cya Hydrolysis
Nyuma ya hydroxylation reaction irangiye, ibicuruzwa bigomba gukorerwa hydrolysis, intego yayo ni uguhindura p-isopropylphenol muri fenol. Muri iki gihe, amazi menshi yongewe ku ruvangitirane ruvanze, ku buryo p-isopropylphenol ihura na hydrolysis hamwe n’amazi kugirango itange fenol na gaze metani.
4. Kutabogama no gutandukana
Nyuma ya hydrolysis irangiye, umubare munini wa acide sulfurike na sulfate nibindi bicuruzwa bibaho muri sisitemu. Kugira ngo ibyo bintu bitesha agaciro, ibintu bya alkaline (nka sodium hydroxide ya sodium cyangwa calcium hydroxide) byongerwamo imbaraga zo kutabogama, bikabyara sulfate n’amazi. Ibikurikira, fenol itandukanijwe nibicuruzwa binyuze muburyo bwo gutandukanya ibice cyangwa tekinoroji.
5. Gutunganya no kwezwa
Umwanda uri muri fenolike ikurwaho binyuze muburyo bwo kweza nko gutobora kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa bya fenolike-yuzuye. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, imiterere yimyitwarire nayo igomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango ubwiza nubuziranenge bwa fenolu byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda.
Ibyiza nibisabwa mubikorwa bya Cumene
Inzira ya cumene yo gukora fenol ifite ibyiza byingenzi bikurikira:
Imiterere yoroheje:Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gukora fenol, inzira ya cumene ifite uburyo bworoshye bwo kubyitwaramo nuburyo bwo gukora neza.
Inkomoko y'ibikoresho byinshi:Cumene irashobora kuboneka mubicuruzwa biva mu nganda, bikavamo igiciro gito cyibikoresho.
Ibicuruzwa byinshi byera:Binyuze mu kugenzura neza inzira, ubuziranenge nubwiza bwa fenol birashobora kugera kurwego rwo hejuru.
Kugeza ubu, fenol ikorwa na cumene ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya shimi nka fenolike, resin epoxy resin, na nylon, hamwe n’isoko rikomeje kwiyongera.
Incamake
Inzira ya cumene yo gukora fenol nigikorwa cyiza kandi cyubukungu, hamwe nibyingenzi ni hydroxylation ya cumene hamwe na hydrolysis nyuma. Binyuze mu ntambwe nko gutegura ibikoresho fatizo, hydroxylation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, kuvura kutabogama, no gutunganya no kweza, ibicuruzwa bya fenolike bifite isuku birashobora kuboneka.
Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukomeje gukenerwa ku isi ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku miti, ikoranabuhanga ry’umusaruro wa fenolu ukoresheje cumene rizakomeza kunozwa, ritanga inkunga ikomeye mu iterambere ry’inganda zijyanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-23-2025
