Ku ya 9 Ukwakira 2022, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyasohoye Itangazo kuri gahunda y’ibikorwa byo kutabogama kwa Carbone mu nama y’ingufu za Carbone. Dukurikije intego z’imirimo ya Gahunda, mu 2025, hazashyirwaho uburyo busanzwe bw’ingufu zuzuye, zishobora gushyigikira no kuyobora impinduka z’icyatsi na karuboni nkeya, kandi ingufu zizahindurwa ziva mu bwinshi no mu bunini kugeza ku bwiza no gukora neza.
Nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara gahunda yihariye ya “karuboni ebyiri” muri 2020, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yatanze inshuro nyinshi politiki rusange yo gushyigikira n'ibisabwa kuri “karuboni ebyiri” mu myaka ibiri ishize. Kugirango tugere kuri karubone ebyiri, Ubushinwa bwahinduye politiki na politiki.

Gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ingufu za Carbone Peak Carbon Neutralisation yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu ziteganya cyane cyane icyerekezo cyo guhindura no guhindura icyerekezo cy’ingufu za “dual carbone” inyuma, hamwe no gushyiraho uburyo bushya bw’ingufu nshya “inyuma ya karuboni ebyiri”, hibandwa ku iyubakwa ry’imikorere isanzwe y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nka foto y’amashanyarazi, ingufu z’umuyaga, hamwe n’uburinganire bw’ingufu zidasanzwe.
Birashobora kugaragara ko ishingiro ry’Ubushinwa “karuboni ebyiri” ari uguhindura imiterere y’ingufu. Mu ntego rusange yiterambere rya "karuboni ebyiri", uburinganire bwa sisitemu yingufu zidafite ingufu n’ibisabwa shingiro kugirango tugere ku ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingufu. Abavandimwe Pingtou bemezaga ko nyuma y’ingufu z’ingufu zidafite ingufu, hazashyirwaho politiki zifatika zigamije guteza imbere ihinduka ry’iterambere ry’ingufu z’Ubushinwa.
Igishushanyo 1 Iteganyagihe ry’imihindagurikire y’ingufu z’Ubushinwa

Byongeye kandi, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyashyize ahagaragara gahunda y’ibikorwa by’ingufu za Carbone Peak Carbon Neutralisation Standard, iteganya uburinganire bw’ingufu z’Ubushinwa. Ibidukikije byavuzwe muri byo birimo: umuyaga w’amafoto y’umuyaga, gukoresha amazi mu buryo bwuzuye, kubika ingufu zapompa, ibisekuruza bya gatatu by’ingufu z’amazi ingufu za kirimbuzi, sisitemu nshya y’ingufu, uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu, n'ibindi.
Ku ruhande rumwe, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu kizakomeza kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’inganda z’ingufu, kigire uruhare runini mu kwagura urugero rw’ingufu zidafite ingufu, kandi gifashe kwagura umubare wacyo mu miterere y’ingufu z’ibinyabuzima; Ku rundi ruhande, yereka kandi isoko ko icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’imihindagurikire y’ingufu z’Ubushinwa mu bihe biri imbere kizarushaho guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’imiti ijyanye no guhindura ingufu.
Mugihe cyiterambere ryiterambere ryingufu zidasanzwe, ni izihe nganda zimiti zizamurwa?
1. Ingufu z'umuyaga n'inganda zifotora ni urwego rukomeye rw'ingufu, kandi ni n'imbaraga Ubushinwa bwibandaho mu kuzamura. Uyu mugambi urateganya kandi neza ko hazashyirwaho imishinga isanzwe yo kwerekana imyubakire yo kubaka ibirindiro binini by’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi n’umuyaga wo mu nyanja ndetse n’imishinga y’amafoto yo hanze.
Iyubakwa ryimishinga minini yingufu zamashanyarazi yumuyaga bizarushaho gushimangira ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bivura imiti mubidukikije bifitanye isano, nk'icyiciro cya Photovoltaque EVA, POE, icyiciro cya Photovoltaic PMMA nibindi bicuruzwa. Bitewe niterambere ryingufu nini nini zumuyaga hamwe nimishinga ifotora amashanyarazi mugihe kizaza, isoko ryabaguzi ejo hazaza ryerekana inzira yiterambere ryihuse. Ibicuruzwa kandi nibicuruzwa byingenzi byamasoko yimiti yubushinwa.
2. Kubaka uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu z’ingufu, kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga neza ingufu z’ububiko bw’ingufu, kubaka uburyo bushya kandi bunoze bwo kubika ingufu z’ingufu, gutanga amabwiriza yo kubaka uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu nshya, no guteza imbere ivugurura ry’ibipimo bifatika bijyanye n’uburambe bw’imishinga y’icyitegererezo cy’inganda.
Inganda zibika ingufu n’inganda zingenzi mu iterambere ry’ingufu nshya mu Bushinwa, ari nazo zigena niba bishoboka iterambere ry’inganda nshya. Kubika ingufu bivuga inzira yo kubika ingufu binyuze mubitangazamakuru cyangwa ibikoresho no kongera kubirekura mugihe bikenewe. Kubika ingufu birashobora kugabanywa mububiko bwingufu zububiko, kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi, kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi, kubika ingufu zumuriro, kubika ingufu za chimique, nibindi. Muri byo, kubika ingufu za mashini no kubika ingufu za electrochemic bikoreshwa cyane. Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni ububiko bwa electromagnetic, bubitse ingufu za sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
Muri byo, kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi bivuga kubika ingufu za bateri zinyuranye zikoresha ibikoresho bya shimi nkibikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora buherekejwe nuburyo bwa chimique yububiko bwo kubika ingufu, harimo bateri ya aside aside, batiri ya lithium, nibindi. Ububiko bwamashanyarazi nububiko bwa hydrogène. Kubika ingufu za chimique nuburyo bugaragara bwo kubika ingufu kubwoko nubunini bwibicuruzwa bikenerwa. Ubwiyongere bw'ububiko bw'ingufu buzamura imikoreshereze y’ibicuruzwa bivura imiti bijyanye.
Mugihe cyiterambere ryokubika ingufu za chimique, imiti yingenzi kandi ihangayikishijwe cyane harimo bateri ya lithium nibicuruzwa bifitanye isano nayo, nka lithium carbone, lithium hexafluorophosphate, dimethyl carbone, etyl karubone, ultra-high molecular molekile polyethylene, nibindi NMP, PVP, lithium difluorosulfonymide, nibindi.
Intego y’Ubushinwa “karuboni ebyiri” iri mu guhindura imiterere y’ingufu, nayo izazana “ububabare” mu gihe kizaza cyo guhindura ingufu gakondo n’ingufu nshya. Ingufu nshya zizakomeza gutera imbere byihuse, kandi umuvuduko witerambere ryingufu gakondo uzakomeza kugenda gahoro. Muri iki cyerekezo, gitwarwa nisoko rishya rikoresha ingufu, kugirango riteze imbere isoko rishya rikoresha ingufu.

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