Polyakarubone (PC) ni urunigi rwa molekile irimo itsinda rya karubone, ukurikije imiterere ya molekile ifite amatsinda atandukanye ya ester, irashobora kugabanywamo alifatique, alicyclic, aromatic, muri yo agaciro kayo gakomeye k'itsinda rya aromatiya, hamwe na bispenol A ikomeye cyane polyakarubone, uburemere rusange buremereye buringaniye (Mw) muri 20-100.000.

Ishusho ya PC imiterere

Polyakarubone ifite imbaraga nziza, gukomera, gukorera mu mucyo, ubushyuhe nubukonje bukabije, gutunganya byoroshye, flame retardant nibindi bikorwa byuzuye, ibyingenzi bikoreshwa muburyo bwo hasi ni ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, urupapuro n’imodoka, izo nganda uko ari eshatu zingana na 80% byokoresha polyakarubone, izindi muri imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda, CD-ROM, gupakira, ibikoresho byo mu biro, ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi, firime, imyidagaduro n’ibikoresho byo gukingira hamwe n’indi nzego nyinshi nazo zageze ku bikorwa byinshi, ziba imwe muri za plastiki eshanu z’ubuhanga. mu cyiciro cyihuta cyane.

Muri 2020, ubushobozi bwa PC ku isi bugera kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 5.88, Ubushinwa bukora PC ingana na toni miliyoni 1.94 ku mwaka, umusaruro wa toni zigera ku 960.000, mu gihe bigaragara ko ikoreshwa rya polyakarubone mu Bushinwa mu 2020 ryageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.34, hari icyuho ya toni zigera kuri miliyoni 1.38, zikeneye gutumizwa mu mahanga. Isoko ryinshi rikenewe ku isoko ryakuruye ishoramari ryinshi mu kongera umusaruro, biravugwa ko hari imishinga myinshi ya PC irimo kubakwa kandi igasabwa mu Bushinwa icyarimwe, kandi umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu uzarenga toni miliyoni 3 / umwaka mu myaka itatu iri imbere, n'inganda za PC zerekana inzira yihuse yo kwimurwa mubushinwa.

None, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora PC? Ni ayahe mateka yiterambere rya PC murugo no mumahanga? Ni abahe bakora PC bakomeye mubushinwa? Ibikurikira, dukora muri make gukora ibimamara.

PC uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya umusaruro

Uburyo bwa fotokasi ya polycondensation, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhanahana ester hamwe nuburyo butari bwo gufotora uburyo bwo guhana ester nuburyo butatu bwibikorwa byingenzi mubikorwa bya PC.
Ishusho
1. Uburyo bwa polycondensation intercacial uburyo bwa fosgene

Nibisubizo bya fosgene mumashanyarazi ya inert solide na hydroxide ya sodium ya hydroxide ya bisphenol A kugirango itange uburemere buke bwa polikarubone, hanyuma ihindurwe muri polikarubone ndende. Igihe kimwe, hafi 90% byibicuruzwa bya polyakarubone yinganda byakoreshwaga nubu buryo.

Ibyiza bya interineti ya polycondensation ya fosgene ya PC ni uburemere buke ugereranije na molekuline, ishobora kugera kuri 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, nibicuruzwa byiza, ibintu byiza bya optique, birwanya hydrolysis nziza, hamwe no gutunganya byoroshye. Ikibi ni uko inzira ya polymerisation isaba gukoresha fosgene ifite ubumara bukabije hamwe nubumara bwangiza kandi buhindagurika nka methylene chloride, bitera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije.

Uburyo bwo guhana ester, buzwi kandi ku izina rya polymerisike ya ontogenic, bwakozwe bwa mbere na Bayer, hifashishijwe bisphenol A yashongeshejwe hamwe na karubone ya diphenyl (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), ku bushyuhe bwinshi, vacuum nyinshi, imiterere ya catalizator yo guhana ester, mbere yo kwegeranya, kwegeranya reaction.

Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugikorwa cya DPC, birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa bya ester (nanone bizwi nkuburyo bwa Photogas buryo butaziguye) hamwe nuburyo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa bitari fotogas.

2. Uburyo bwa gakondo bwashongeshejwe ester

Igabanijwemo intambwe 2: (1) fosgene + fenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, ni inzira ya fosgene itaziguye.

Inzira ni ngufi, idashobora gukemuka, kandi ikiguzi cy'umusaruro kiri munsi gato yuburyo bwa fosgene ya interineti, ariko inzira yo gukora DPC iracyakoresha fosgene, kandi ibicuruzwa bya DPC birimo urugero rwinshi rwamatsinda ya chloroformate, bizagira ingaruka kubicuruzwa byanyuma ubuziranenge bwa PC, ku rugero runaka bugabanya kuzamura inzira.

3. Uburyo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo bitari fosgene

Ubu buryo bugabanijwemo intambwe 2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, ikoresha dimethyl karubone DMC nkibikoresho fatizo na fenol muguhuza DPC.

Ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byabonetse mu guhanahana ester no guhuriza hamwe bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhuza ibikorwa bya DPC, bityo bikamenyekana gukoresha ibikoresho n'ubukungu bwiza; kubera ubwinshi bwibikoresho fatizo, ibicuruzwa nabyo ntibikeneye gukama no gukaraba, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa nibyiza. Inzira ntabwo ikoresha fosgene, yangiza ibidukikije, kandi ni inzira yicyatsi.

Hamwe n’ibisabwa mu gihugu ku myanda itatu y’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli Hiyongereyeho ibisabwa by’igihugu ku bijyanye n’umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije by’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse no kubuza ikoreshwa rya fosgene, ikoranabuhanga ry’ivunjisha ridafite ingufu za fosifene rizasimburwa buhoro buhoro uburyo bw’imikorere ya polycondensation. ejo hazaza nk'icyerekezo cyo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya PC ku isi.