Polyakarubone (PC) ni urunigi rwa molekuline irimo itsinda rya karubone, ukurikije imiterere ya molekile ifite amatsinda atandukanye ya ester, irashobora kugabanywamo alifatique, alicyclic, aromatic, muri yo agaciro gakomeye k’itsinda rya aromatiya, hamwe na bispenol ikomeye cyane Ubwoko bwa polyikarubone, uburemere rusange buringaniye bwa molekile (Mw) muri 20-100.000.

Ishusho ya PC imiterere

Polyakarubone ifite imbaraga, ubukana, gukorera mu mucyo, ubushyuhe nubukonje bukabije, gutunganya byoroshye, flame retardant nibindi bikorwa byuzuye, ibyingenzi bikoreshwa muburyo bwo hasi ni ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, urupapuro n’imodoka, izi nganda uko ari eshatu zigera kuri 80% zikoreshwa na polyakarubone, izindi mubice byimashini zikoreshwa munganda, CD-ROM, gupakira, ibikoresho byo mubiro, ibikoresho byinshi byubuhanga hamwe nubushakashatsi, firime, imyidagaduro myinshi hamwe nibikoresho bikingira hamwe nibikoresho byinshi bikingira ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya tekinike hamwe nubuzima bwiza, firime, imyidagaduro myinshi hamwe nibikoresho bikingira ibikoresho byinshi. mu cyiciro cyihuta cyane.

Muri 2020, ubushobozi bwa PC ku isi bugera kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 5.88, Ubushinwa bukora PC ingana na toni miliyoni 1.94 ku mwaka, umusaruro wa toni zigera ku 960.000, mu gihe bigaragara ko ikoreshwa rya polyakarubone mu Bushinwa mu 2020 ryageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.34, hakaba hari icyuho cya toni miliyoni 1.38, zikeneye gutumizwa mu mahanga. Isoko rinini rikenewe ku isoko ryakuruye ishoramari ryinshi mu kongera umusaruro, biravugwa ko hari imishinga myinshi ya PC irimo kubakwa kandi igasabwa mu Bushinwa icyarimwe, kandi umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu uzarenga toni miliyoni 3 / umwaka mu myaka itatu iri imbere, kandi inganda za PC zigaragaza uburyo bwihuse bwo kwimurira mu Bushinwa.

None, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora PC? Ni ayahe mateka yiterambere rya PC murugo no mumahanga? Ni abahe bakora inganda zikomeye za PC mu Bushinwa? Ibikurikira, dukora muri make gukora ibimamara.

PC uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya umusaruro

Uburyo bwa fotokasi ya polycondensation, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhanahana ester hamwe nuburyo butari bwo gufotora uburyo bwo guhana ester nuburyo butatu bwibikorwa byingenzi mubikorwa bya PC.
Ishusho
1. Uburyo bwa polycondensation intercacial uburyo bwa fosgene

Nibisubizo bya fosgene mumashanyarazi ya inert solide na hydroxide ya sodium ya hydroxide ya bisphenol A kugirango itange uburemere buke bwa polikarubone, hanyuma ihindurwe muri polikarubone ndende. Igihe kimwe, hafi 90% byibicuruzwa bya polyakarubone yinganda byakoreshwaga nubu buryo.

Ibyiza bya interineti ya polycondensation ya fosgene ya PC ni uburemere buke ugereranije na molekuline, ishobora kugera kuri 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, nibicuruzwa byiza, ibintu byiza bya optique, birwanya hydrolysis nziza, hamwe no gutunganya byoroshye. Ikibi ni uko inzira ya polymerisation isaba gukoresha fosgene ifite ubumara bukabije hamwe nubumara bwangiza kandi buhindagurika nka methylene chloride, bitera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije.

Uburyo bwo guhana ester ester, buzwi kandi nka polymerisike ya ontogenic, bwakozwe bwa mbere na Bayer, hifashishijwe bispenol A yashongeshejwe na karubone ya diphenyl (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), ku bushyuhe bwinshi, vacuum nyinshi, catalizator ihari yo guhana ester, pre-condensation, reaction.

Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugikorwa cya DPC, birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa bya ester (nanone bizwi nkuburyo bwa Photogas buryo butaziguye) hamwe nuburyo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa bitari fotogas.

2. Uburyo bwa gakondo bwashongeshejwe ester

Igabanijwemo intambwe 2: (1) fosgene + fenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, ni inzira ya fosgene itaziguye.

Inzira ni ngufi, idashobora kwishyurwa, kandi igiciro cyumusaruro kiri munsi gato yuburyo bwa fosifene ya interineti, ariko inzira ya DPC iracyakoresha fosgene, kandi ibicuruzwa bya DPC bikubiyemo urugero rwinshi rwamatsinda ya chloroformate, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yanyuma yibicuruzwa bya PC, muburyo runaka bigabanya iterambere ryibikorwa.

3. Uburyo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo bitari fosgene

Ubu buryo bugabanijwemo intambwe 2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, ikoresha dimethyl karubone DMC nkibikoresho fatizo na fenol muguhuza DPC.

Ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byabonetse mu guhanahana ester no guhuriza hamwe bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhuza ibikorwa bya DPC, bityo bikamenyekana gukoresha ibikoresho n'ubukungu bwiza; kubera ubwinshi bwibikoresho fatizo, ibicuruzwa nabyo ntibikeneye gukama no gukaraba, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa nibyiza. Inzira ntabwo ikoresha fosgene, yangiza ibidukikije, kandi ni inzira yicyatsi.

Hamwe n’ibisabwa n’igihugu ku bijyanye n’imyanda itatu y’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli Hamwe n’iyongera ry’ibisabwa mu gihugu ku bijyanye n’umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije by’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse no kubuza ikoreshwa rya fosogène, tekinoroji yo guhanahana amakuru ya fosogène idasimburwa buhoro buhoro izasimbuza buhoro buhoro uburyo bwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya PC ku isi.