Uruhare rwa gibberelline: imisemburo yingenzi yo gukura kw'ibimera
Gibberelline (Gibberellins) nicyiciro cyimisemburo yibimera isanzwe ibaho igira uruhare runini mugukura no gukura. Ivumburwa rya gibberelline ryatangiye mu myaka ya za 1930, kandi nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, ryakoreshejwe cyane mu buhinzi, ubuhinzi bw’imboga n’ibinyabuzima. Ni uruhe ruhare rwose rwa gibberelline? Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacengera mubice byinshi byuruhare rwa gibberellin.
Itezimbere Kurambura Utugingo ngengabuzima no kugabana
Imwe mu ngaruka zigaragara za gibberelline ni uko ziteza imbere kurambura no kugabana ingirabuzimafatizo. Iki gikorwa ningirakamaro mu mikurire no gutera imbere. Muguhindura ubworoherane bwurukuta rwakagari no gutembera kwa selile, gibberellin yihutisha kwaguka kwingirabuzimafatizo, bikavamo kurambura vuba ibiti, amababi n'imizi. Gibberelline kandi itera igabana ry'uturemangingo, ituma ibimera byongera biomass byihuse mugihe cyo gukura, bikerekana inyungu zikomeye zo gukura.
Kwinjiza kumera kwimbuto no gusinzira
Gibberelline nayo igira uruhare runini mu kumera kwimbuto. Iyo imbuto zifata amazi zigatangira kumera, gibberelline irakora hanyuma igatangira kwiyegeranya muri mikorobe. Iyi misemburo iteza imbere umusaruro wa amylase, ifasha imbuto kumenagura ibinyamisogwe byabitswe no kuyihindura imbaraga zo gukura kw'ibimera. Uruhare rwa gibberelline ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku mbuto zimwe na zimwe zigomba kurekurwa mu gihe cyo gusinzira kugira ngo zimera, kuko zisenya ibitotsi kandi zigatangira kumera, bityo bikongera umuvuduko w’imbuto z’ibimera.
Kugena indabyo niterambere ryimbuto
Gibberelline nayo igira ingaruka zikomeye kumurabyo no gukura kwimbuto. Mubihe byihariye bya fotoperiodique, gibberelline irashobora guteza imbere itandukaniro, bigatuma ibimera bimera mbere cyangwa mubisanzwe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi, cyane cyane mu gucunga ibihingwa ngengabukungu. Gibberellin nayo igira uruhare mukuzamura imikurire niterambere ryimbuto. Ntabwo yongera ubunini bwimbuto gusa, ahubwo inanonosora imiterere nisura yimbuto, bituma igira agaciro nkibicuruzwa.
Kunoza kurwanya ibimera
Usibye guteza imbere imikurire niterambere, gibberellin irashobora kandi kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ibimera kubidukikije. Iyo ibimera byatewe ningutu nkamapfa, umunyu nubushyuhe buke, gibberellin irashobora kunoza ubukana muguhindura inzira ya metabolike yibimera. By'umwihariko, gibberelline irashobora kongera ubushobozi bwigihingwa cyo gufata no kugumana amazi muguhindura ibirimo ibintu bya osmoregulatory mumubiri wigihingwa, bigafasha igihingwa gukomeza gukura bisanzwe mubibazo.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ubuhinzi n'imboga
Bitewe n'ingaruka zidasanzwe za physiologique, gibberellin ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi bwa kijyambere n'imboga. Kurugero, mu musaruro wumuceri, gibberelline ikoreshwa mu kongera umuvuduko w ingemwe kugirango habeho inyungu hakiri kare mu gutera umurima. Mu mizabibu, gibberelline ikoreshwa mu kuvura amatsinda y’imbuto kugirango ishishikarize kwaguka kwimbuto no kuzamura umusaruro nubwiza. Gibberellin nayo ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kongera igihe cyurabyo cyibiti bimwe na bimwe byimitako kugirango indabyo zirushanwe kumasoko.
Incamake
Uruhare rwa gibberelline ni impande nyinshi kandi nini cyane, kuva guteza imbere kwagura ingirabuzimafatizo no kumera kwimbuto kugeza kugenzura indabyo nimbuto, gibberelline igira uruhare runini mubyiciro byose byo gukura no gutera imbere. Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa byimbitse uburyo bwibikorwa bya gibberelline, abahinzi borozi barashobora gukoresha neza iyi phytohormone kugirango bongere umusaruro w’ibihingwa no kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa no kumenya uruhare rwa gibberelline bifite akamaro kanini mu iterambere rirambye ry’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bwimbuto.