Mu myaka yashize, inzira y’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa yateye intambwe igaragara, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora imiti no gutandukanya isoko ry’imiti.Iyi ngingo yibanze cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byo gukora epoxy propane.

Nk’uko iperereza ryabivuze, mu magambo make, hari uburyo butatu bwo gukora epoxy propane, aribwo buryo bwa chlorohydrin, uburyo bwa co okiside (uburyo bwa Halcon), hamwe na hydrogen peroxide uburyo bwa okiside itaziguye (HPPO).Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwa chlorohydrin nuburyo bwa HPPO ninzira nyamukuru yo kubyara epoxy propane.

Uburyo bwa Chlorohydrin nuburyo bwo kubyara epoxy propane ukoresheje propylene na gaze ya chlorine nkibikoresho fatizo binyuze mubikorwa nka chlorohydrination, saponification, na distillation.Iyi nzira ifite umusaruro mwinshi wa epoxy propane, ariko kandi itanga umusaruro mwinshi wamazi mabi na gaze ya gaze, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije.

Uburyo bwa okiside ya co ni inzira yo kubyara okiside ya propylene ukoresheje propylene, Ethylbenzene, na ogisijeni nkibikoresho fatizo.Ubwa mbere, Ethylbenzene ifata umwuka kugirango ikore etylbenzene peroxide.Hanyuma, Ethylbenzene peroxide ihura na cycle na propylene kugirango ikore epoxy propane na fenylethanol.Iyi nzira ifite uburyo bugoye bwo kubyitwaramo kandi itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, bityo, ihura ningaruka mbi kubidukikije.

Uburyo bwa HPPO ni inzira yo kongeramo methanol, propylene, na hydrogène peroxide ku kigereranyo cya 4.2: 1.3: 1 kuri reaktor irimo zeolite titanium silikatike (TS-1) kugirango ikore.Iyi nzira irashobora guhindura 98% ya hydrogen peroxide, kandi guhitamo epoxy propane irashobora kugera kuri 95%.Umubare muto wa propylene igice cyakuweho urashobora gusubizwa mumashanyarazi kugirango wongere ukoreshe.

Icy'ingenzi cyane, epoxy propane ikorwa niyi nzira nicyo gicuruzwa cyonyine cyemewe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa.

Turabaze ibiciro kuva 2009 kugeza hagati ya 2023 kandi tureba impinduka mumusaruro wa epichlorohydrin na HPPO mumyaka 14 ishize.

Epichlorohydrin uburyo

1.Uburyo bwa epichlorohydrin bwunguka igihe kinini.Mu myaka 14 ishize, inyungu y’umusaruro wa epichlorohydrin hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chlorohydrin yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru kuri 8358 yuan / toni, yabaye mu 2021. Icyakora, muri 2019, habaye igihombo gito cya 55 yuan / toni.

2.Ihindagurika ryinyungu yuburyo bwa epichlorohydrin burahuye nihindagurika ryibiciro bya epichlorohydrin.Iyo igiciro cya epoxy propane cyiyongereye, inyungu yumusaruro wuburyo bwa epichlorohydrin nayo yiyongera uko bikwiye.Uku guhuzagurika kwerekana ingaruka rusange zimpinduka mugutanga isoko nibisabwa hamwe nigiciro cyibicuruzwa kubiciro byibicuruzwa byombi.Kurugero, mu 2021, kubera icyorezo, ikoreshwa ryoroshye rya furo polyether ryiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, ari naryo ryazamuye igiciro cya epoxy propane, amaherezo rikazana amateka menshi mu nyungu z’umusaruro wa epichlorohydrin.

3.Ihindagurika ryibiciro bya propylene na propylene oxyde yerekana icyerekezo kirekire, ariko mubihe byinshi, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumihindagurikire ya amplitude hagati yombi.Ibi byerekana ko ibiciro bya propylene na epichlorohydrin biterwa nibintu bitandukanye, hamwe nibiciro bya propylene bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumusaruro wa epichlorohydrin.Bitewe nuko propylene aribikoresho nyamukuru bibyara umusaruro wa epichlorohydrin, ihindagurika ryibiciro bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byumusaruro wa epichlorohydrin.

Muri rusange, inyungu y’umusaruro wa epichlorohydrin mu Bushinwa iri mu bihe byunguka mu myaka hafi 14 ishize, kandi ihindagurika ry’inyungu rijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya epichlorohydrin.Ibiciro bya propylene ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku nyungu y’umusaruro wa epichlorohydrin mu Bushinwa.

Uburyo bwa HPPO epoxy propane

1.Uburyo bwa HPPO bwabashinwa kuri epoxypropane bwungutse igihe kinini, ariko inyungu zayo muri rusange ziri hasi ugereranije nuburyo bwa chlorohydrin.Mugihe gito cyane, uburyo bwa HPPO bwagize igihombo muri epoxy propane, kandi mugihe kinini, urwego rwinyungu rwarwo rwaragabanutse cyane ugereranije nuburyo bwa chlorohydrin.

2.Bitewe n'izamuka rikomeye ry'igiciro cya epoxy propane mu 2021, inyungu ya HPPO epoxy propane yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mateka mu 2021, igera kuri 6611 yu / toni.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyari icyuho cyamafaranga 2000 / toni hagati yuru rwego rwinyungu nuburyo bwa chlorohydrin.Ibi byerekana ko nubwo uburyo bwa HPPO bufite inyungu mubice bimwe, uburyo bwa chlorohydrin buracyafite ibyiza byingenzi mubijyanye ninyungu rusange.

3.Byongeye kandi, mu kubara inyungu yuburyo bwa HPPO ukoresheje 50% hydrogène peroxide ya hydrogène, byagaragaye ko nta sano rikomeye riri hagati yigiciro cya hydrogen peroxide n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya okiside ya propylene na propylene.Ibi byerekana ko inyungu yuburyo bwa HPPO bwubushinwa kuri epoxypropane ibuzwa nigiciro cya propylene hamwe na hydrogen peroxide yibanda cyane.Bitewe isano iri hagati yimihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo n’ibicuruzwa bigereranijwe hamwe n’ibintu nko gutanga isoko n’ibisabwa n’ibiciro by’umusaruro, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu y’umusaruro wa epoxy propane ukoresheje uburyo bwa HPPO

Imihindagurikire y’umusaruro w’ubushinwa bwa HPPO epoxy propane mu myaka 14 ishize yerekanye ibiranga inyungu mu gihe kinini ariko hamwe n’inyungu nkeya.Nubwo ifite ibyiza mubice bimwe, muri rusange, inyungu zayo ziracyakeneye kunozwa.Muri icyo gihe, inyungu yuburyo bwa HPPO epoxy propane yibasiwe cyane nihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho fatizo nibicuruzwa bigezweho, cyane cyane propylene hamwe na hydrogen peroxide yibanda cyane.Kubwibyo, abayikora bakeneye gukurikiranira hafi imigendekere yisoko no guhindura ingamba zumusaruro muburyo bwiza kugirango bagere kurwego rwiza rwinyungu.

Ingaruka yibikoresho fatizo byingenzi kubiciro byabo mubikorwa bibiri

1.Nubwo ihindagurika ryinyungu ryuburyo bwa epichlorohydrin nuburyo bwa HPPO bwerekana guhuzagurika, hari itandukaniro rikomeye muguhindura ibikoresho fatizo ku nyungu zabo.Iri tandukaniro ryerekana ko hari itandukaniro mugucunga ibiciro nubushobozi bwo kugenzura inyungu hagati yibi bikorwa byombi iyo bihanganye nihindagurika ryibiciro fatizo.

2.Muburyo bwa chlorohydrin, igipimo cya propylene kubiciro kigera ku kigereranyo cya 67%, bingana nigihe kirenze igice cyigihe, kandi kigera kuri 72%.Ibi byerekana ko mubikorwa byo gukora chlorohydrin, igiciro cya propylene kigira ingaruka zikomeye kuburemere.Kubwibyo rero, ihindagurika ryibiciro bya propylene bigira ingaruka itaziguye kubiciro ninyungu zumusaruro wa epichlorohydrin ukoresheje chlorohydrin.Iri genzura rihuye nigihe kirekire cyinyungu n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya propylene mu musaruro wa epichlorohydrin hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chlorohydrin twavuze haruguru.

Ibinyuranye, muburyo bwa HPPO, impuzandengo ya propylene ku giciro cyayo ni 61%, aho bamwe bafite ingaruka nyinshi kuri 68% naho hasi kuri 55%.Ibi byerekana ko mubikorwa bya HPPO, nubwo uburemere bwibiciro bya propylene ari binini, ntabwo bukomeye nkingaruka zuburyo bwa chlorohydrin kubiciro byabwo.Ibi birashobora guterwa ningaruka zikomeye zindi bikoresho fatizo nka hydrogen peroxide ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro HPPO kubiciro, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka ziterwa nihindagurika ryibiciro bya propylene kubiciro.

3.Niba igiciro cya propylene gihindagurika ku 10%, ingaruka zuburyo bwa chlorohydrin zizarenza ubwo buryo bwa HPPO.Ibi bivuze ko iyo uhuye nihindagurika ryibiciro bya propylene, ikiguzi cyuburyo bwa chlorohydrin kigira ingaruka cyane, kandi ugereranije, uburyo bwa HPPO bufite imicungire myiza yubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura inyungu.Iri genzura ryongeye kwerekana itandukaniro mugusubiza ihindagurika ryibiciro fatizo mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Hariho ihindagurika ryinyungu hagati yuburyo bwabashinwa chlorohydrin nuburyo bwa HPPO kuri epoxy propane, ariko hariho itandukaniro muguhindura ingaruka zibikoresho fatizo ku nyungu zabo.Iyo uhanganye nihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho fatizo, inzira ebyiri zibyara umusaruro zigaragaza imicungire itandukanye hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura inyungu.Muri byo, uburyo bwa chlorohydrin bwumva cyane ihindagurika ryibiciro bya propylene, mugihe uburyo bwa HPPO bufite ingaruka nziza zo guhangana ningaruka.Aya mategeko afite akamaro gakomeye kayobora ibigo guhitamo inzira yumusaruro no gushyiraho ingamba zumusaruro.

Ingaruka yibikoresho bifasha nibikoresho fatizo kubiciro byabo mubikorwa bibiri

1.Ingaruka za chlorine y'amazi ku giciro cy'umusaruro wa epichlorohydrin hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chlorohydrin wagereranije 8% gusa mu myaka 14 ishize, ndetse ushobora no gufatwa nkaho nta ngaruka zigaragara.Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko chlorine y’amazi igira uruhare ruto mu buryo bwo gukora chlorohydrine, kandi ihindagurika ry’ibiciro ntirigira ingaruka nke ku giciro cya epichlorohydrin ikorwa na chlorohydrin.

2.Ingaruka yibiciro bya hydrogène peroxide yibanda cyane kuburyo bwa HPPO bwa epoxy propane irarenze cyane ugereranije na gaze ya chlorine ku ngaruka ziterwa nuburyo bwa chlorohydrin.Hydrogen peroxide ni okiside yingenzi mubikorwa bya HPPO, kandi ihindagurika ryibiciro ryayo bigira ingaruka itaziguye ku giciro cya epoxy propane muri gahunda ya HPPO, icya kabiri nyuma ya propylene.Iri genzura ryerekana umwanya wingenzi wa hydrogen peroxide mugikorwa cya HPPO.

3.Niba uruganda rutanga umusaruro wa gaze ya chlorine y’ibicuruzwa, ingaruka z’igiciro cya gaze ya chlorine ku musaruro wa epichlorohydrin irashobora kwirengagizwa.Ibi birashobora guterwa nubunini buke bwa gaz ya chlorine ikomoka ku bicuruzwa, bigira ingaruka nke ugereranije nigiciro cyumusaruro wa epichlorohydrin ukoresheje chlorohydrin.

4.Niba 75% bya hydrogène peroxide ikoreshwa, ingaruka zamafaranga ya hydrogen peroxide kuburyo bwa HPPO bwa epoxy propane izarenga 30%, kandi ingaruka zizakomeza kwiyongera vuba.Iri genzura ryerekana ko epoxy propane yakozwe nuburyo bwa HPPO itatewe gusa nihindagurika rikomeye ryibikoresho fatizo bya propylene, ahubwo binaterwa nihindagurika rikomeye ryibiciro bya hydrogen peroxide.Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bwa concentration ya hydrogen peroxide ikoreshwa mugikorwa cya HPPO ikagera kuri 75%, umubare nigiciro cya hydrogen peroxide nayo yiyongera uko bikwiye.Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumasoko, kandi ihindagurika ryinyungu zayo naryo riziyongera, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byisoko.

Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mubiciro byigiciro cyibikoresho byingirakamaro kubikorwa byumusaruro wa epichlorohydrin ukoresheje uburyo bwa chlorohydrin nuburyo bwa HPPO.Ingaruka za chlorine yamazi ku giciro cya epichlorohydrin ikorwa nuburyo bwa chlorohydrin ni ntoya, mugihe ingaruka za hydrogène peroxide ku giciro cya epichlorohydrin yakozwe nuburyo bwa HPPO irahambaye.Muri icyo gihe, niba isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa byayo biva mu bwoko bwa chlorine cyangwa ikoresha ibintu bitandukanye bya hydrogène peroxide, ingaruka zabyo nazo ziratandukanye.Aya mategeko afite akamaro gakomeye kayobora ibigo guhitamo inzira yumusaruro, gushyiraho ingamba zumusaruro, no kugenzura ibiciro.

Ukurikije amakuru n'ibigezweho, imishinga ikomeje ya epoxy propane mugihe kizaza izarenga igipimo kiriho, hamwe nimishinga myinshi mishya ikoresha uburyo bwa HPPO nuburyo bwa okiside ya Ethylbenzene.Iyi phenomenon izatuma kwiyongera kubikoresho bikenerwa nka propylene na hydrogen peroxide, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro bya epoxy propane hamwe nigiciro rusange cyinganda.

Urebye ku biciro, ibigo bifite imiterere ihuriweho n’inganda zishobora kugenzura neza uburemere bw’ibikoresho fatizo, bityo bikagabanya ibiciro kandi bikazamura isoko ku isoko.Bitewe nuko imishinga myinshi mishya ya epoxy propane mugihe kizaza izakoresha uburyo bwa HPPO, icyifuzo cya hydrogen peroxide nacyo kiziyongera, ibyo bizongera uburemere bwingaruka ziterwa nihindagurika rya hydrogène peroxide ku giciro cya epoxy propane.

Byongeye kandi, kubera gukoresha uburyo bwa okiside ya Ethylbenzene mu mishinga mishya ya epoxy propane mu gihe kiri imbere, icyifuzo cya propylene nacyo kiziyongera.Kubwibyo, uburemere bwingaruka ziterwa nihindagurika ryibiciro bya propylene kubiciro bya epoxy propane nayo iziyongera.Izi ngingo zizazana ibibazo byinshi n'amahirwe muruganda rwa epoxy propane.

Muri rusange, iterambere ryinganda za epoxy propane mugihe kizaza zizaterwa nimishinga ikomeje nibikoresho fatizo.Ku mishinga ikoresha uburyo bwa okiside ya HPPO na Ethylbenzene, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane kugenzura ibiciro no guteza imbere urwego rw’inganda.Ku batanga ibikoresho fatizo, birakenewe gushimangira ituze ryibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura ibiciro kugirango tunoze isoko.