Ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, inzira ya MMA yateye imbere igera ku bwoko butandatu, kandi ibyo byose byakozwe mu nganda.Ariko, amarushanwa ya MMA aratandukanye cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo butatu bwibanze bwo gukora kuri MMA:

Uburyo bwa Acetone cyanohydrin (uburyo bwa ACH): Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bwambere bwo gutunganya inganda, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rikuze kandi ryoroshye.

Uburyo bwa carbonylation ya Ethylene: Ubu ni uburyo bushya bwo kubyara umusaruro hamwe nubwiza buhanitse kandi bwiza.

Uburyo bwa Isobutene okiside (uburyo bwa C4): Ubu ni uburyo bwo gukora bushingiye kuri okiside dehydrogenation ya butene, hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye biboneka kandi bidahenze.

Hashingiwe kuri izi nzira eshatu, hari uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya umusaruro kuburyo bukurikira:

Uburyo bwiza bwa ACH: Mugutezimbere imiterere n'ibikoresho, umusaruro nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byatejwe imbere.

Uburyo bwa acide acetike ya ice: Iyi nzira ikoresha acide acetike ya ice nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi nta gusohora imyanda itatu mugihe cyo kuyibyaza umusaruro, bigatuma ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.

Inzira ya BASF na Lucite, ihagarariwe cyane cyane nizina ryumushinga, yagize iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe rishingiye kubiranga ibigo byabo, bifite umwihariko kandi nibyiza byo guhatanira.

Kugeza ubu, ibyo bikorwa bitandatu byakozwe byose byageze ku musaruro w’ibice bifite igipimo cya toni 10000 cyangwa zirenga mu Bushinwa.Ariko, irushanwa hagati yuburyo butandukanye riratandukanye cyane bitewe nibintu nkibiranga n'ibiciro byabo.Mugihe kizaza, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga niterambere ryisoko, imiterere yapiganwa muribwo buryo bwo gukora irashobora guhinduka.

Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kuvuga ko muri Nzeri 2022, ishami ryerekana inganda za toni 10000 zishingiye ku makara acide methanol acetike ya methyl methacrylate (MMA) ryigenga ryakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa ryabaye yatsinze neza kandi ikora neza, kandi ibicuruzwa byari bigeze kurwego rusanzwe.Iki gikoresho nicyo cyambere cya makara ashingiye ku makara acetike ya metani yifashishwa mu kwerekana inganda za MMA, bigera ku guhindura umusaruro wa methyl methacrylate yo mu gihugu uva mu kwishingikiriza gusa ku bikoresho fatizo bya peteroli ugakoresha ibikoresho fatizo bishingiye ku makara.

Bitewe no guhindura imiterere ihiganwa, ibidukikije nibisabwa mubicuruzwa bya MMA byarahindutse, kandi ibiciro byerekana ihindagurika rito.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, igiciro cyo hejuru ku isoko rya MMA mu Bushinwa cyageze kuri 14014 yu / toni, naho igiciro cyo hasi ni hafi 10000 / toni.Kugeza muri Kanama 2023, igiciro cy isoko rya MMA cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 11500 yu / toni.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bihagarariwe hasi ni PMMA, yerekanye ihindagurika ridakuka ryibiciro byisoko mumyaka ibiri ishize, hamwe nigiciro ntarengwa 17560 yu / toni nigiciro gito cya 14625 yuan / toni.Kuva muri Kanama 2023, igiciro rusange cy’isoko rya PMMA mu Bushinwa cyahindutse ku giciro cya 14600.Twabibutsa ko bitewe n’ibicuruzwa PMMA yo mu gihugu ahanini biri mu bicuruzwa byo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi, urwego rw’ibicuruzwa ruri munsi y’isoko ritumizwa mu mahanga.

1.Utarinze gusuzuma acide ya acetike MMA, uburyo bwo gukora Ethylene MMA bwagize irushanwa rikomeye mumyaka ibiri ishize.

Mu myaka ibiri ishize, gahunda yo gukora MMA ishingiye kuri Ethylene ifite irushanwa rikomeye ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.Dukurikije imibare, igiciro cyumusaruro wa Ethylene ushingiye kuri MMA nicyo cyo hasi kandi irushanwa ryayo rikomeye.Muri 2020, igiciro cyamahame ya Ethylene ishingiye kuri MMA cyari 5530 Yuu kuri toni, mugihe muri Mutarama 2023, igiciro cyo hagati cyari 6088 gusa kuri toni.Ibinyuranye na byo, uburyo bwa BASF bufite igiciro kinini cy’umusaruro, aho MMA igura amayero 10765 kuri toni muri 2020 naho ikigereranyo cy’amafaranga 11081 kuri toni kuva Mutarama kugeza Kanama 2023.

Mugihe dusuzumye irushanwa ryuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, dukeneye kwitondera itandukaniro mugukoresha igice cyibikoresho fatizo kubikorwa bitandukanye.Kurugero, gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo byuburyo bwa Ethylene ni 0.35 Ethylene, 0.84 methanol, na 0.38 gaze ya synthesis, mugihe uburyo BASF aribwo buryo bwa Ethylene, ariko ikoreshwa rya Ethylene ni 0.429, ikoreshwa rya metani ni 0.387, naho ikoreshwa rya gaze ni Metero kibe 662.Itandukaniro rigira ingaruka kumusaruro no guhatanira inzira zitandukanye.

Ukurikije igereranyo cyibiciro mumyaka mike ishize, urutonde rwa MMA kurushanwa mubikorwa bitandukanye ni: uburyo bwa Ethylene> uburyo bwa C4> uburyo bwa ACH uburyo> ACH uburyo> Uburyo bwa Lucite> uburyo bwa BASF.Uru rutonde rushingiye cyane cyane kubitandukanya mubuhanga rusange mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Mugihe kizaza, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga niterambere ryisoko, imiterere yapiganwa mubikorwa bitandukanye irashobora guhinduka.Cyane cyane utabanje gusuzuma igikoresho cya acetike ya MMA, Ethylene MMA iteganijwe gukomeza kugumana inyungu zayo zo guhatanira.

2.Uburyo bwa acide acike MMA iteganijwe kuba uburyo bwo gukora cyane

Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya inganda z’ubumenyi bw’Ubushinwa cyateje imbere uruganda rwa mbere rw’amakara rushingiye kuri metani acetike ya MMA uruganda rwerekana inganda.Uruganda rufata methanol na acide asike nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi binyuze muburyo bwo guhuza aldol, hydrogenation, nibindi, bikamenya umusaruro muremure wigihe kirekire cyibicuruzwa bya MMA.Iyi nzira ifite iterambere rigaragara, ntabwo inzira ari ngufi gusa, ahubwo nibikoresho fatizo biva mumakara, bifite inyungu zigaragara.Byongeye kandi, Sinayi Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd irateganya gushyira inganda nini mu nganda zingana na toni 110000 / ku mwaka, ibyo bikazateza imbere kuzamura no guteza imbere inganda za MMA mu Bushinwa.Ugereranije na peteroli gakondo ishingiye kuri MMA itanga umusaruro, inzira ya acide ya acetike ishingiye kuri MMA yangiza ibidukikije kandi ifite inyungu mubukungu, kandi biteganijwe ko izaba icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere ryinganda MMA izaza.

3.Hariho itandukaniro rigaragara muburemere bwibiciro byibikorwa bitandukanye

Hariho itandukaniro rigaragara muburemere bwibiciro byuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora MMA, kandi uburemere bwibintu bitandukanye kubiciro biratandukanye bitewe nikoranabuhanga ryibikorwa.

Kuri ACH MMA, ihinduka ryibiciro bya acetone, methanol, na acrylonitrile bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byacyo.Muri byo, ihinduka ryibiciro bya acetone bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro, bigera kuri 26%, mugihe ihinduka ryibiciro bya methanol na acrylonitrile bigira ingaruka kuri 57% na 18% byibiciro.Ibinyuranye, ibiciro bya methanol bingana na 7% gusa.Kubwibyo, mukwiga urunigi rwagaciro rwa ACH MMA, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane kubijyanye nigiciro cya acetone.

Kuburyo bwa C4 MMA, isobutylene-isukuye cyane nigiciro kinini gihinduka, bingana na 58% byigiciro cya MMA.Methanol ihwanye na 6% yikiguzi cya MMA.Imihindagurikire yibiciro ya isobutene igira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byuburyo bwa C4 MMA.

Kuri Ethylene ishingiye kuri MMA, ibice byo gukoresha Ethylene bingana na 85% yikiguzi cya MMA muriki gikorwa, ningaruka nyamukuru yibiciro.Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko Ethylene hafi ya yose ikorwa nkibikoresho byifashishwa ubwabyo, kandi gutura imbere bishingiye ahanini ku kugena ibiciro.Kubwibyo, urwego rwo guhangana kurwego rwa Ethylene ntirushobora kuba hejuru nkurwego nyarwo rwo guhangana.

Muncamake, hari itandukaniro rikomeye muburemere bwingaruka ziterwa nibintu bitandukanye kubiciro mubikorwa bitandukanye bya MMA, kandi isesengura rigomba gukorwa hashingiwe kubikorwa byikoranabuhanga byihariye.

4.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora MMA buzaba bufite igiciro gito mugihe kizaza?

Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, urwego rwo guhangana na MMA mubikorwa bitandukanye mugihe kizaza bizagerwaho cyane nihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho fatizo.Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi byingenzi bya MMA birimo MTBE, methanol, acetone, aside sulfurike, na Ethylene.Ibicuruzwa birashobora kugurwa cyangwa gutangwa imbere, mugihe gaze ya sintetike, catalizator nibikoresho bifasha, aside hydrocyanic, hydrogène hydrogène, nibindi bitemewe gutangwa wenyine kandi igiciro ntigihinduka.

Muri byo, igiciro cya MTBE gikurikira cyane cyane ihindagurika ry’isoko rya peteroli itunganijwe, kandi igiciro cya peteroli gitunganijwe gifitanye isano rya bugufi n’igiciro cya peteroli.Hashingiwe ku cyerekezo cyo kuzamura ibiciro bya peteroli, ibiciro bya MTBE nabyo biteganijwe ko bizerekana ko bizamuka, kandi ibiteganijwe kuzamuka bizakomera kuruta peteroli.Igiciro cya methanol ku isoko gihindagurika hamwe n’ibiciro by’amakara, kandi biteganijwe ko amasoko azaza azakomeza kwiyongera ku buryo bugaragara.Nyamara, iterambere ryurwego rwinganda ruzatuma habaho izamuka ryibiciro byo kwifashisha hasi, kandi igiciro cya methanol yibicuruzwa ku isoko biteganijwe ko kizakomeza kwiyongera.

Ibidukikije nibisabwa ku isoko rya acetone biragenda byangirika, kandi kubaka imishinga mishya ukoresheje uburyo bwa ACH birabangamirwa, kandi ihindagurika ryigihe kirekire rishobora kuba ridakomeye.Ethylene itangwa ahanini imbere kandi ifite irushanwa rikomeye.

Kubwibyo, ukurikije uko ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, haracyari ukutamenya neza uburyo umusaruro wa MMA uzaba ufite igiciro gito mu gihe kiri imbere.Icyakora, hashobora gutegurwa ko mu rwego rwo kuzamura ibiciro bya peteroli n’amakara, ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo nka methanol na MTBE nabyo biteganijwe ko bizamuka, bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku rwego rwo guhangana na MMA mu bikorwa bitandukanye.Kugirango dukomeze guhangana, abayikora barashobora gukenera gushakisha uburyo bunoze bwo gutanga ibikoresho byubukungu kandi bunoze, mugihe bashimangira uburyo bwiza no guhanga udushya twibikorwa kugirango umusaruro ugabanuke kandi ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.

Incamake

Urutonde rwirushanwa rwibikorwa bitandukanye bya MMA mubushinwa mugihe kizaza biteganijwe ko ruzakomeza gukomera kubikorwa bya Ethylene, hagakurikiraho inzira ya ACH ishyigikira agace ka acrylonitrile, hanyuma inzira ya C4.Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko mugihe kiri imbere, inganda zizatera imbere muburyo bwurwego rwinganda, aribwo buryo bwo guhatanira guhangana cyane binyuze mubicuruzwa bidahenze biva mu bicuruzwa ndetse no munsi y’ibicuruzwa bishyigikira PMMA cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa bivura imiti.

Impamvu ituma uburyo bwa Ethylene butegerejweho gukomera ni ukubera kuboneka kwa Ethylene yibikoresho fatizo, bingana nigice kinini cyibiciro bya MMA.Ariko, twakagombye kwerekana ko Ethylene myinshi itangwa imbere, kandi urwego rwayo rwo guhatanira amarushanwa ntirushobora kuba hejuru nkurwego nyarwo rwo guhangana.

Uburyo bwa ACH bufite ubushobozi bwo guhatana cyane iyo buhujwe nigice cya acrylonitrile, cyane cyane ko isobutylene isukuye cyane nkibikoresho fatizo byingenzi bigira uruhare runini rwibiciro bya MMA, mugihe uburyo bwa ACH bushobora kubyara isobutylene yuzuye cyane nkibicuruzwa, bityo bikagabanya ibiciro .

Kurushanwa mubikorwa nkuburyo bwa C4 biracyafite intege nke, cyane cyane bitewe nihindagurika ryibiciro ryibikoresho fatizo byayo isobutane na acrylonitrile, hamwe n’igipimo gito ugereranije na isobutane mugiciro cya MMA.

Muri rusange, uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhatanira amasoko yinganda za MMA mugihe kizaza bizaba ibigo biteza imbere muburyo bwurwego rwinganda, binyuze mubicuruzwa bihendutse biva mubicuruzwa no kumanuka byunganira PMMA cyangwa nibindi bicuruzwa bivura imiti.Ibi ntibishobora kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro gusa no kuzamura ibicuruzwa byapiganwa, ariko kandi birashobora no guhaza isoko.