Vinyl acetate (ikiruhuko), uzwi kandi nka vinyl acetate cyangwa vinyl a Inkuta, nkimwe mubyiciro byinganda zingana kwisi, birashobora kubyara ibikomoka nka Polyvinys resin (Pvac), hamwe na polyiny, na copolénikile. Ibi bikomokaho bikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, imyenda, imashini, ubuvuzi, nubutaka bungamubiri. Kubera iterambere ryihuse ryinganda za terefone mumyaka yashize, umusaruro wa vinyl acetate werekanye icyerekezo cyumwaka numwaka, hamwe numusaruro wuzuye wa vinyl acetate ugera kuri 1980. Kugeza ubu, kubera ingaruka zibikoresho fatizo kandi Inzira, inzira yumusaruro wa vinyl acetate ahanini ikubiyemo uburyo bwa acetylene na royone.
1, inzira ya acetylene
Mu 1912, F. Klatte, Umunyakanada, wavumbuye bwa mbere yavumbuye asside arenga acetylene na acetylene na acetylene urenze umuvuduko w'ikirere, ku bushyuhe butarenze 60 kugeza 100 ℃, no gukoresha umunyu wa Mercure nka katali. Mu 1921, isosiyete y'Ubudage y'abadage yateguye ikoranabuhanga ku Synthesi yicyicaro cya Vinyl Acetate kuva Acetylene na Acide ya Acetic. Kuva icyo gihe, abashakashatsi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bakomeje kuba beza inzira n'ibisabwa muri synthesis ya vinyl acetate kuva acetylene. Mu 1928, itsinda ry'Ubudage ryashyizeho ishami rya 12 kt / vinyl acetate, risohoza umusaruro ukomeye wa Vinyl Acetate. Ikigereranyo cyo gukora vinyl acetate nuburyo busanzwe nuburyo bukurikira:
Reaction nyamukuru:

Ingaruka mbi:

Uburyo bwa Acetylene bugabanijwemo uburyo bwuburyo bwa PHAse na gaze.
Uburyo bwicyiciro cya Reacty ya Acetylene uburyo bwamazi ni amazi, kandi reaction ni tank ya reaction hamwe nigikoresho kingurirwa. Bitewe n'amakosa ya phase yihariye nko guhitamo hasi kandi byinshi nibicuruzwa, ubu buryo bwasimbuwe nuburyo bwihariye bwa gaze ya acetylene.
Dukurikije amasoko atandukanye yo kwitegura gaze ya Acetylene, uburyo bwa gaze ya acetylene burashobora kugabanywamo uburyo busanzwe bwa gaze ya acetylene burtetylene burden
Inzira ya Borden ikoresha acide ya acetic nkimbuga, itezimbere cyane igipimo cyo gukoresha acetylene. Ariko, iyi nzira inzira ni tekiniki iragoye kandi isaba amafaranga menshi, ubwo buryo bugira inyungu mubice bikungahaye mumikoro isanzwe.
Inzira ya Wacker ikoresha acetylene na acide ya acetike bikozwe muri calcium yimodoka nkibikoresho fatizo, ukoresheje catalyst bikora nkibice bikora hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 170 ~ 230 ℃. Ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye riroroshye kandi rifite amafaranga make, ariko hari amakosa nko gutakaza ibintu byoroshye, ihungabana ribi, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, hamwe no kwanduza ingufu nyinshi.
2, inzira ya Ethylene
Ethylene, ogisijeni, na acide yinda yijimye nibikoresho bitatu byifatizo bikoreshwa muri synthesis ya vinyl acetate. Ibikorwa nyamukuru bigize umusemburo mubisanzwe nitsinda ryanani itsinda ryicyuma nyaburanga, bitwawe mubushyuhe hamwe nigitutu. Nyuma yo gutunganya nyuma, intego yibicuruzwa vinyl acetate amaherezo yabonetse. Kugereranya reaction ni nkibi bikurikira:
Reaction nyamukuru:

Ingaruka mbi:

Gahunda y'icyiciro cya MEthyne yateguwe bwa mbere na bayer Corporation kandi yashyizwe mu buryo bw'inganda mu gutanga vinyl acetate mu 1968. Imirongo y'umusaruro yashinzwe mu Budage ndetse n'isosiyete y'intwarago y'igihugu muri Amerika,. Ahanini ni palladium cyangwa zahabu yishyuwe ku nkunga irwanya aside izwi cyane, muri Silica Gel hamwe na Radiyo ya 4-5mm, kandi hiyongereyeho potasiyumu runaka atera acetate, ishobora kunoza ibikorwa no guhitamo umusemburo. Inzira ya synthesis ya vinyl acetate akoresheje uburyo bwa proylene usi uburyo busa nuburyo bwa bayer, kandi bugabanijwemo ibice bibiri: Synthesis hamwe na synthesis. Inzira ya USI yageze ku gusaba inganda mu 1969. Ibigize Umusemburo bigize palladium na Platinum, hamwe na Platinum, hamwe na potasiyumu hashingiwe ku mutwara. Imiterere yimyitwarire nitonze ubwitonzi kandi umusemburo afite ubuzima burebure, ariko umusaruro wigihe ni muto. Ugereranije nuburyo bwa Acetylene, uburyo bwa proyylene Vapor bwateye imbere cyane mu ikoranabuhanga, kandi umusemburo ukoreshwa mu buryo bwa Ethylene wakomeje guteza imbere ibikorwa no guhitamo. Ariko, uburyo bwa kinetics na mikorere yo guta agaciro biracyakeneye gushakishwa.
Umusaruro wa vinyl acetate ukoresheje uburyo bwa royone bukoresha umuyoboro uhamye wo kuryama wuzuye umusemburo wuzuye. Gazi y'ibiryo yinjira muri reaction kuva hejuru, kandi iyo ihuye nigitanda cya catalyst, i Cataletitic ibaho kugirango itange igicuruzwa cya vinyl acetate hamwe nigicuruzwa gito cya karubone ya karubone ya karubone. Kubera imiterere ya serivise yimyitwarire, amazi yububiko bwerekanwe muri Shell kuruhande rwa reaction kugirango akureho ubushyuhe bukoresheje icyuho cyamazi.
Ugereranije nuburyo bwa acetylene, uburyo bwa Retylene bufite imiterere yimiterere yibikoresho byoroheje, ibisohoka byinshi, no kwanduza ingufu nke, hamwe numwanda muke, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo biri munsi yuburyo bwa acetylene. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa busumba, kandi ibintu bya ruswa ntabwo bikomeye. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwa Rothyne bwasimbuye buhoro buhoro uburyo bwa Acetylene nyuma ya za 1970. Nk'uko imibare ituzuye, 70% by'ikibaya byakozwe n'uburyo bwa Ethylene ku isi byahindutse inzira nyamukuru yo kubyara.
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yateye imbere cyane ku isi ni inzira yo gusimbuka na bp hamwe na vantage ya chantage. Ugereranije nicyiciro cya gazi gakondo cyita ku buriri buhamye, iyi tekinoroji yibintu byombi yateje imbere cyane reaction na catalest kurwego rwigice, kunoza ubukungu numutekano mubikorwa.
CELANEN yashyizeho inzira nshya yo kuryama kugirango ikemure ibibazo byo gukwirakwiza ibitanda bitaringaniye hamwe na Ethylene muburyo bumwe muburyo bumwe bwo kuryama. Reaction ikoreshwa muri iyi nzira iracyari uburiri buhamye, ariko kunonosorwa cyane muri gaze ya catalyst, kandi ibikoresho byo kugarura ubudodo bwoherejwe muri gaze yumurizo, gutsinda ibitagenze neza. Umusaruro wibicuruzwa Vinyl acetate birarenze cyane kurenza ibyo ibikoresho bisa. Inzira ya Catalisst ikoresha platine nkigice kinini gikora, galica itwara igihangange, sodiyumu ifite umukozi ugabanuka, nizindi mbaraga zidasanzwe nka Lanhanymium yisi nka neodymium. Ugereranije na katali gakondo, guhitamo, ibikorwa, hamwe n'umwanya wo mu kirere wo mu gisambatore.
BP Amoco yateje imbere igiciro cya gaze ya Ethylene, uzwi kandi ku izina rya Sitep, kandi yubatseho a 250 ishami ry'uburiri bwa metero 250 muri Hull, mu Bwongereza. Ukoresheje iyi nzira kugirango utange vinyl acetate irashobora kugabanya igiciro cya 30%, kandi umwanya wigihe cyumusaruro (1858-2744 G / (LO H-1) ni hejuru yuburiri buhamye (700 -1200 G / (LO H-1)).
Inzira yamababi ikoresha uburiri bwo kuryama kunshuro yambere, ifite ibyiza bikurikira ugereranije na reaction ihamye:
1) Mu buriri bwo kuryama, umusemburo uvanze kandi uvanze kandi unyuranye, bityo utanga umusanzu mubihingwa kimwe bya promoteri no kwemeza kimwe cyamu promormor muri reactor.
2) Uburiri bwera bwo kuryama burashobora guhora busimbuza umusemburo wahagaritswe hamwe numusemburo mushya mubihe byo gukora.
3) Ubushyuhe bwo kuryama buhoraho, bugabanya ibyuma bya Catalyst bitewe no kwishyurwa cyane, bityo tugakura ubuzima bwa serivisi.
4) Uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu buriri bwo kuryama bworoshya imiterere ya reaction kandi igabanya amajwi. Muyandi magambo, igishushanyo kimwe cya reaction kirashobora gukoreshwa kubikoresho binini byumuti, biteza imbere cyane igipimo cyibikoresho.