Vinyl acetate (VAc), izwi kandi nka vinyl acetate cyangwa vinyl acetate, ni amazi adafite ibara rifite ibara ryubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe busanzwe, hamwe na formula ya molekile ya C4H6O2 hamwe n'uburemere bwa molekile ugereranije na 86.9.VAc, nk'imwe mu nganda zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda ku isi, zishobora kubyara ibikomoka kuri polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc), inzoga za polyvinyl (PVA), na polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binyuze mu kwikorera polymerisation cyangwa kopolymerisation hamwe n'abandi ba monomor.Ibikomokaho bikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, imyenda, imashini, ubuvuzi, hamwe nubutaka bwiza.Bitewe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zanyuma mumyaka yashize, umusaruro wa vinyl acetate wagaragaje uburyo bwo kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye, hamwe n’umusaruro rusange wa vinyl acetate wageze muri 1970kt muri 2018. Kugeza ubu, kubera ingaruka z’ibikoresho fatizo na inzira, inzira zo kubyara vinyl acetate ahanini zirimo uburyo bwa acetylene nuburyo bwa Ethylene.
1 process Inzira ya Acetylene
Mu 1912, F. Klatte, Umunyakanada, yavumbuye bwa mbere vinyl acetate akoresheje acetylene irenze urugero na acide acike munsi y’umuvuduko w’ikirere, ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 60 na 100 and, kandi akoresha umunyu wa mercure nk'umusemburo.Mu 1921, Isosiyete yo mu Budage CEI yateje imbere ikorana buhanga rya synthesis ya vinyl acetate ikomoka kuri acetylene na acide acetike.Kuva icyo gihe, abashakashatsi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bakomeje kunonosora inzira n'ibisabwa kugira ngo synthesis ya vinyl acetate ikomoka kuri acetylene.Mu 1928, Isosiyete ya Hoechst yo mu Budage yashizeho uruganda rukora 12 kt / vinyl acetate, rushyira mu bikorwa inganda nini za vinyl acetate.Ikigereranyo cyo kubyara vinyl acetate nuburyo bwa acetylene nuburyo bukurikira:
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Uburyo bwa Acetylene bugabanijwe muburyo bwamazi yuburyo bwa gaz.
Icyiciro cya reaction yuburyo bwa acetylene yamazi yuburyo bwamazi ni amazi, kandi reaction nigikoresho cya reaction hamwe nigikoresho gikurura.Bitewe nubusembwa bwuburyo bwicyiciro cyamazi nko guhitamo bike hamwe nibicuruzwa byinshi, ubu buryo bwasimbuwe nuburyo bwa gaz ya acetylene muri iki gihe.
Dukurikije amasoko atandukanye yo gutegura gaze ya acetylene, uburyo bwa gaz ya acetylene irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa gaze ya acetylene Borden nuburyo bwa karbide acetylene Wacker.
Inzira ya Borden ikoresha aside irike nka adsorbent, itezimbere cyane igipimo cyo gukoresha acetylene.Nyamara, iyi nzira yinzira iragoye mubuhanga kandi isaba ikiguzi kinini, ubwo buryo rero bufite inyungu mubice bikungahaye kuri gaze gasanzwe.
Inzira ya Wacker ikoresha acetylene na acide acetike ikomoka kuri kariside ya calcium nkibikoresho fatizo, ikoresheje catalizator hamwe na karubone ikora nka transport na zinc acetate nkibintu bifatika, kugirango ihuze VAc munsi yumuvuduko wikirere hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 170 ~ 230 ℃.Ikoranabuhanga ritunganijwe riroroshye kandi rifite igiciro gito cyo kubyaza umusaruro, ariko hariho ibitagenda neza nko gutakaza byoroshye ibice bigize catalizator, umutekano muke, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, hamwe n’umwanda mwinshi.
2 process Inzira ya Ethylene
Ethylene, ogisijeni, na acide glacial acetike ni ibikoresho bitatu bibisi bikoreshwa muri synthesis ya Ethylene ya vinyl acetate.Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize catalizator mubusanzwe itsinda rya munani ryicyubahiro cyicyuma, gikorerwa ubushyuhe nubushyuhe runaka.Nyuma yo gutunganywa nyuma, intego yibicuruzwa vinyl acetate iraboneka.Ingano ya reaction niyi ikurikira:
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Icyiciro cya etilene cyumuyaga cyatunganijwe bwa mbere na Bayer Corporation kandi gishyirwa mubikorwa byinganda kugirango bibyare umusaruro wa vinyl acetate mu 1968. Imirongo yumusaruro yashinzwe muri Hearst na Bayer Corporation mubudage hamwe na National Distillers Corporation muri Amerika.Nibisanzwe palladium cyangwa zahabu yuzuye kumashanyarazi arwanya aside, nkamasaro ya silika gel ifite radiyo ya 4-5mm, no kongeramo umubare munini wa potasiyumu acetate, ishobora kunoza ibikorwa no guhitamo catalizator.Inzira ya synthesis ya vinyl acetate ukoresheje Ethylene vapor phase USI isa nuburyo bwa Bayer, kandi igabanijwemo ibice bibiri: synthesis na distillation.Inzira ya USI yageze mubikorwa byinganda mumwaka wa 1969. Ibigize ibikorwa bya catalizator ni palladium na platine, kandi umukozi wungirije ni potasiyumu acetate, ifashwa nabatwara alumina.Imiterere yimyitwarire iroroshye kandi cataliste ifite ubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, ariko umwanya-umwanya umusaruro ni muke.Ugereranije nuburyo bwa acetylene, uburyo bwa etylene vapor icyiciro cyateye imbere cyane mubuhanga, kandi catalizator zikoreshwa muburyo bwa Ethylene zagiye zitera imbere mubikorwa no guhitamo.Nyamara, reaction ya kinetics hamwe nuburyo bwo gukuraho ibintu biracyakenewe gushakishwa.
Umusaruro wa vinyl acetate ukoresheje uburyo bwa Ethylene ukoresha reaction ya tubular itunganijwe neza yuzuye catalizator.Gazi yo kugaburira yinjira muri reaktor kuva hejuru, kandi iyo ihuye nigitanda cya catalizator, reaction ya catalitike ibaho kugirango igere ku bicuruzwa vinyl acetate yagenewe hamwe na dioxyde de carbone ikomoka ku bicuruzwa.Bitewe na exothermic nature of reaction, amazi yumuvuduko yinjizwa muruhande rwigikonoshwa kugirango akureho ubushyuhe bwa reaction akoresheje umwuka wamazi.
Ugereranije nuburyo bwa acetylene, uburyo bwa Ethylene bufite ibiranga imiterere yibikoresho byoroheje, umusaruro mwinshi, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe n’umwanda muke, kandi igiciro cyibicuruzwa kiri munsi yuburyo bwa acetylene.Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa burarenze, kandi ibintu byangirika ntabwo bikomeye.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwa Ethylene bwasimbuye buhoro buhoro uburyo bwa acetylene nyuma ya za 1970.Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, hafi 70% ya VAc yakozwe nuburyo bwa Ethylene kwisi yabaye inzira nyamukuru yuburyo bwo gukora VAc.
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya VAc yateye imbere kwisi ni BP's Leap Process na Celanese's Vantage Process.Ugereranije na gasanzwe ya gazi ya gazi isanzwe ya etilene, ubwo buryo bwikoranabuhanga bubiri bwateje imbere cyane reaction na catalizator yibice byikigo, bitezimbere ubukungu numutekano wibikorwa.
Celanese yateguye uburiri bushya butunganijwe Vantage kugirango ikemure ibibazo byo gukwirakwiza uburiri bwa catalizator hamwe na Ethylene nkeya ihinduka inzira imwe mubitanda byuburiri.Imashini ikoreshwa muriki gikorwa iracyari uburiri butajegajega, ariko hari byinshi byahinduwe kuri sisitemu ya catalizator, kandi ibikoresho byo kugarura Ethylene byongewemo muri gaze umurizo, bikuraho ibitagenda neza byuburiri gakondo.Umusaruro wibicuruzwa vinyl acetate uri hejuru cyane ugereranije nibikoresho bisa.Inzira ya catalizator ikoresha platine nkibintu byingenzi bikora, silika gel nkumutwara wa catalizator, sodium citrate nkigikoresho kigabanya, nibindi byuma bifasha nka lanthanide yibintu bidasanzwe byisi nka praseodymium na neodymium.Ugereranije na catalizaires gakondo, guhitamo, ibikorwa, n'umwanya-umwanya wo gutanga umusaruro uratera imbere.
BP Amoco yateje imbere icyiciro cya gazi ya etilene ya gazi, izwi kandi nka Leap Process process, kandi yubatse 250 kt / igice cyigitanda cyamazi i Hull, mubwongereza.Gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango ubyare vinyl acetate birashobora kugabanya igiciro cyumusaruro 30%, kandi umwanya wigihe cyumusemburo wa catalizator (1858-2744 g / (L · h-1)) urarenze cyane ugereranije nuburiri buteganijwe (700) -1200 g / (L · h-1)).
Inzira ya LeapProcess ikoresha reaction yuburiri bwamazi bwa mbere, ifite ibyiza bikurikira ugereranije nigitanda gihamye:
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3) Ubushyuhe bwigitanda bwamazi burahoraho, bigabanya kugabanuka kwa catalizator bitewe nubushyuhe bwaho, bityo bikongerera igihe cyumurimo wa catalizator.
4) Uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yigitanda cyoroheje byoroshya imiterere ya reaction kandi bigabanya ubwinshi bwayo.Muyandi magambo, igishushanyo kimwe cya reaktor kirashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho binini binini byashizwemo imiti, bikazamura cyane igipimo cyibikoresho.