MMA, izwi cyane nka methyl methacrylate, ni ibikoresho by'ibanze byo gukora polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), bizwi kandi nka acrylic.Hamwe niterambere ryinganda za PMMA, iterambere ryurwego rwa MMA rwasubijwe inyuma.Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubyerekana, hari uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya umusaruro wa MMA, aribwo buryo bwa acetone cyanohydrin (uburyo bwa ACH), uburyo bwa karuboni ya Ethylene nuburyo bwa okiside ya isobutylene (C4 uburyo).Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwa ACH nuburyo bwa C4 bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zikora ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, kandi nta shami rikora inganda zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa karuboni ya Ethylene.

Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekeye MMA agaciro kasesenguye uburyo butatu bwo kubyara umusaruro hamwe ningenzi nyamukuru ya PMMA igiciro halo.

Igishushanyo 1 Imbonerahamwe yerekana inganda za MMA hamwe nuburyo butandukanye (Inkomoko yifoto: Inganda zikora imiti)

Urunigi rwinganda I: ACH uburyo MMA urunigi rwagaciro
Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro uburyo bwa ACH MMA, ibikoresho nyamukuru ni acetone na aside hydrocyanic, aho aside hydrocyanic ikomoka ku bicuruzwa biva muri acrylonitrile, na methanol ifasha, bityo inganda zikoresha muri rusange acetone, acrylonitrile na methanol nkigiciro cyo kubara ibigize ibikoresho fatizo.Muri byo, toni 0,69 za acetone na toni 0,32 za acrylonitrile na toni 0,35 za methanol zibarwa nkibikoreshwa.Mugiciro cyibiciro byuburyo bwa ACH MMA, ikiguzi cya acetone gifite umubare munini, ugakurikirwa na aside hydrocyanic ikomoka ku bicuruzwa bya acrylonitrile, na methanol ikagira umubare muto.

Ukurikije ikizamini cyo guhuza ibiciro bya acetone, methanol na acrylonitrile mu myaka itatu ishize, usanga isano iri hagati yuburyo bwa ACH MMA na acetone iri hafi 19%, methanol ikaba igera kuri 57% naho ukurikije acrylonitrile ikaba 18%.Birashobora kugaragara ko hari icyuho kiri hagati yibi nigabana ryibiciro muri MMA, aho umugabane munini wa acetone kubiciro bya MMA udashobora kugaragarira mubihindagurika ryibiciro byihindagurika ryibiciro byuburyo bwa ACH MMA, mugihe ihindagurika ryibiciro. ya methanol igira ingaruka nyinshi kubiciro bya MMA kuruta acetone.

Nyamara, umugabane wibiciro bya methanol uri kuri 7% gusa, naho igiciro cya acetone ni 26%.Kubushakashatsi bwurwego rwagaciro rwa MMA, ni ngombwa cyane kureba ibiciro bya acetone.

Muri rusange, urunigi rw'agaciro rwa ACH MMA ruva ahanini ku ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya acetone na methanol, muri byo acetone igira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro ka MMA.

Urunigi rw'inganda II: C4 uburyo MMA urunigi rw'agaciro

Ku ruhererekane rw'agaciro rw'uburyo bwa C4 MMA, ibikoresho byayo ni isobutylene na methanol, muri byo isobutylene ni ibicuruzwa byiza bya isobutylene, biva mu bicuruzwa bya MTBE.Kandi methanol nigicuruzwa cya methanol yinganda, gikomoka kumasoko yamakara.

Ukurikije ibiciro bya C4 MMA, ibiciro bihinduka isobutene ikoreshwa ni 0.82 naho methanol ni 0.35.Hamwe niterambere rya buriwese muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro, ikoreshwa ryibice ryaragabanutse kugera kuri 0.8 mu nganda, byagabanije igiciro cya C4 MMA ku rugero runaka.Ibisigaye ni ibiciro byagenwe, nk'amazi, amashanyarazi na gaze, amafaranga, amafaranga yo gutunganya imyanda nibindi.

Muri ibi, umugabane wa isobutylene-isukuye cyane mu giciro cya MMA ni 58%, naho umugabane wa methanol mu giciro cya MMA ni 6%.Birashobora kugaragara ko isobutene nigiciro kinini gihinduka muri C4 MMA, aho ihindagurika ryibiciro rya isobutene rifite ingaruka nini kubiciro bya C4 MMA.

Ingaruka zuruhererekane rw'agaciro isobutene isukuye cyane uhereye ku ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya MTBE, ikoresha 1.57 ikoreshwa kandi ikaba irenga 80% by'igiciro cyo kwisukura cyane isobutene.Igiciro cya MTBE nacyo gituruka kuri methanol na pre-ether C4, aho ibice bya pre-ether C4 bishobora guhuzwa nibiryo bigenewe urunigi rw'agaciro.

Byongeye kandi, twakagombye kumenya ko isobutene ifite isuku nyinshi ishobora kubyazwa umusaruro wa tert-butanol, kandi ibigo bimwe na bimwe bizakoresha tert-butanol nkibishingirwaho mu kubara ibiciro bya MMA, kandi ikoreshwa rya tert-butanol ni 1.52.Ukurikije imibare ya tert-butanol 6200 yuan / toni, tert-butanol ihwanye na 70% yikiguzi cya MMA, kinini kuruta isobutene.

Muyandi magambo, niba ikoreshwa ryibiciro bya tert-butanol rikoreshwa, ihindagurika ryurwego rwagaciro rwuburyo bwa C4 uburyo MMA, uburemere bwingaruka za tert-butanol buruta ubw'isobutene.

Muri make, muri C4 MMA, uburemere bwingaruka kumihindagurikire yagaciro kuva murwego rwo hejuru kugeza hasi: tert-butanol, isobutene, MTBE, methanol, amavuta ya peteroli.

Urunigi rwinganda III: Ethylene carbonylation MMA urunigi rwagaciro

Nta rubanza rw’inganda rwa MMA rwakozwe na karuboni ya Ethylene mu Bushinwa, bityo ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’agaciro ntizishobora gutekerezwa n’umusaruro nyirizina.Nyamara, ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha Ethylene muri karubone ya Ethylene, Ethylene ningaruka nyamukuru yibiciro kuri MMA yibigize iki gikorwa, kirenga 85%.

 
Urunigi rw'inganda IV: Urunigi rw'agaciro rwa PMMA

PMMA, nkibicuruzwa nyamukuru byamanuka bya MMA, bingana na 70% byumwaka ukoresha MMA.

Ukurikije urunigi rw'agaciro rwa PMMA, aho ikoreshwa rya MMA rikoresha 0,93, MMA ibarwa ukurikije 13.400 Yuan / toni naho PMMA ikabarwa ukurikije 15.800 Yuan / toni, igiciro gihinduka cya MMA muri PMMA kibarirwa hafi 79%, ni ijanisha ryo hejuru.

Muyandi magambo, ihindagurika ryibiciro bya MMA rifite ingaruka zikomeye kumihindagurikire yagaciro ya PMMA, ningaruka zikomeye zifitanye isano.Ukurikije ihindagurika ry’ibiciro hagati yibi byombi mu myaka itatu ishize, ihuriro ryombi rirenga 82%, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka ziterwa n’isano rikomeye.Kubwibyo, ihindagurika ryibiciro bya MMA bizatera ihindagurika ryibiciro bya PMMA mu cyerekezo kimwe bishoboka cyane.