Iyi ngingo izasesengura ibicuruzwa nyamukuru mu rubavu rwa C3 cy'Ubushinwa n'ubushakashatsi bwo ubushakashatsi no mu iterambere.

(1)Imiterere niterambere ryiterambere rya Polypropylene (pp) ikoranabuhanga

Dukurikije iperereza ryacu, hariho inzira zitandukanye zo kubyara Polypropylene (PP) mu Bushinwa, mu gihe cya Unipol gikubiyemo imiyoboro y'ibidukikije mu gihugu, inzira ya Spriol yo mu gihugu cya DaondellBell, inzira y'inzira ya Spricolbasell, inzira ya SpvenllBell, Novone Inzira ya Sosiyete, Novole y'isosiyete ya Nordic, hamwe na sprionizone inzira ya sosiyete ya LyondellBell. Izi nzira nazo zemejwe cyane nimigezi ya PP yubushinwa. Iyi ikoranabuhanga ahanini igenzura igipimo cyo guhindura propylene murwego rwa 1.01-1.02.

Umuyoboro w'imiyoboro yo mu gihugu wegukanye mu bwigenge bwa ZN Catalyst, ubu yiganjemo tekinoroji ya kabiri yo kuzunguruka. Iyi nzira ishingiye ku musama wateye imbere yigenga, asimmetric ikoranabuhanga rya Dlear, kandi proppilene Butadiene Binary Stropémetero, kandi irashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara hoplelemetero, kandi irashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara hoplemetero, kandi irashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara hoplemetero, kandi irashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara ibitsina bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora kubyara hoplelization ikoranabuhanga, kandi imbaraga za proplene Butadiene idasanzwe, kandi irashobora kubyara ibikoresho bidasanzwe, kandi irashobora kubyara ibikoresho bidasanzwe, kandi hamwe na copolymeiritation pp. Kurugero, amasosiyete nka Shanghai Petrochemical umurongo wa gatatu, Zhenhai atunganya kandi imiti ya mbere nimirongo ya kabiri, hamwe numurongo wa kabiri wumurongo wose wakoresheje iki gikorwa. Hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ibikoresho bishya by'ejo hazaza, biteganijwe ko igicapo cya gatatu cy'ibidukikije giteganijwe guhinduka buhoro buhoro inzira y'imiyoboro y'imbere mu gihugu.

Inzira ya Unipol irashobora kubyara inganda zifata inganda, hamwe nigipimo cyashonga (MFR) amanota ya 0.5 ~ 100g / 10min. Byongeye kandi, agace rusange ka Joyylene Copolmer Monomer muri copolymers idasanzwe irashobora kugera kuri 5.5%. Iyi nzira irashobora kandi kubyara copolymer yinganda za propylene na 1-butene (izina ryubucuruzi IC - kuri), hamwe na reberi ya reberi zigera kuri 14%. Igice kinini cya Ethylene mu ngaruka kuri Copolymer Yakozwe na Unipol Inzira ya UNIPOL irashobora kugera kuri 21% (agace rusange ka reberi ni 35%). Inzira yakoreshejwe mu bigo by'ibigo nka fushun petrochemical na sichuan petrochemike.

Inzira yo guhangayitse irashobora kubyara ibicuruzwa bya homopolymer bifite urwego runini rwashonga (MFR), rushobora kugera kuri 0.5-100g / 10min. Ibicuruzwa byayo biruta kurenza iyindi miterere yicyiciro cya gaze. MFR yibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya copolymer ni 2-35g / 10min, hamwe nigice rusange cya rothyne kuva kuri 7% kugeza 8%. MFR yibikorwa bya copolyment birwanya ni 1-35g / 10min, hamwe nigice rusange cya Ethylene kuva kuri 5% kugeza 17%.

Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji nyamukuru ya PP mu Bushinwa akuze cyane. Gufata ibigo bishingiye kubikoresho bya Polypropylene nkurugero, nta tandukaniro rikomeye mubijyanye no gukoresha ibyemezo, gutunganya, inyungu, nibindi muri buri kigo. Dukurikije ibyiciro byumusaruro bikubiyemo inzira zitandukanye, gahunda nyamukuru zirashobora gupfukirana icyiciro cyose. Ariko rero, urebye ibyiciro bisohoka byibigo bihari, hari itandukaniro rikomeye muri PP ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitewe nibintu nka geografiya, nibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.

(2)Imiterere nuburyo bwiterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Acryc

Acryc acide nibikoresho byingenzi byimiti byingenzi bikoreshwa cyane mumusaruro wihishe hamwe nogukora amazi, kandi nanone bikunze gutungwa muri acrylate nibindi bindi bicuruzwa. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga umusaruro wa Acrycél, harimo uburyo bwa chloroethanol, uburyo bwa cyanoethari buryo. Nubwo hariho tekinike zitandukanye zo gutegura acryc, kandi benshi muribo bakoreshwaga mu nganda, inzira nyamukuru yimikorere yisi yose iracyari impfizi itaziguye ya propyle.

Ibikoresho fatizo byo gutanga aside acryc unyuze kuri okiside ya propay ahanini birimo imyuka y'amazi, umwuka, n'umwuka. Mugihe cyimikorere, iyi miti itatu yo kunyuramo ibimama inyura mu buriri bwa catalyst muburyo runaka. Propaylene ni iyambere kuri acrolein muri reaction ya mbere, hanyuma hanyuma ukomeretsa aside acrylic muri reaction ya kabiri. Imyuka y'amazi igira uruhare rwo kwikuramo muriki gikorwa, irinde kubaho ibisasu no guhagarika ibisekuru byo ku mpande. Ariko, usibye gutanga aside ya acrych, iyi myitwarire ifatika kandi itanga aside acide na karubone kubera ibisubizo kuruhande.

Dukurikije iperereza rya Pingtou GE, urufunguzo rw'ikoranabuhanga rya Acryc acide trafle ritunganijwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga riri mu gutoranya katali. Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete ashobora gutanga tekinoroji ya acryc acide binyuze muri Propaylene irimo Sohio muri Amerika, Ubuyapani Catalic Company, Ubuyapani Catalical Company, Basf mu Budage, na Ubudage ikoranabuhanga rya japa chimique.

Inzira ya Sohio muri Amerika ninzira yingenzi yo gukora aside acrychin binyuze muri propalene, irangwa icyarimwe icyarimwe reacylene, kandi numwuka wamazi uhuza ibinyabiziga bihamye, kandi ukoresheje moc na mo-ibice byinshi oxide nka catalests. Muri ubu buryo, umusaruro umwe wa aside acryct irashobora kugera kuri 80% (igipimo cyimuka). Ibyiza byuburyo bwa Sohio ni uko urukurikirane rwinshi rushobora kongera ubuzima bwamaseri, tugera kumyaka 2. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite ingaruka mbi za pcosted idakemutse idashobora kugarurwa.

Uburyo bwa Basf: Kuva mu mpera za 1960, Basf yakoraga ubushakashatsi ku musaruro wa aside acrylic binyuze mu magambo ya propay. Uburyo bwa basf bukoresha mo bi cyangwa mo co catalests ya propals thepylene reaction, kandi inzira imwe ya Acrolein yabonye irashobora kugera kuri 80% (igipimo cyimuka). Nyuma, ukoresheje mo, W, V, na FALOLSTSTSTSSSSSSSS, Acrolein yari akomeye kuri aside ya acrylic, ifite umusaruro ntarengwa wa 90% (igipimo cya molar). Ubuzima bwa catalyst yuburyo bwa basf burashobora kugera kumyaka 4 kandi inzira yoroshye. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite ibishoboka nkibi mwinshi Solnd ingingo iturika, ibikoresho byinshi byogusukura, hamwe no gukoresha imbaraga muri rusange.

Uburyo bwa kiyapani bwayapani: Ibice bibiri bihamye murukurikirane kandi bihuye na sisitemu yo gutandukanya umunara nayo irakoreshwa. Intambwe yambere nukugira icyorezo COMES MURI MO BI CATALYST nka catalyst, hanyuma ugakoresha mooned yicyuma nkimyanya minini muri reacttor ya kabiri, ishyigikiwe na Silica no kuyobora monoxide. Muri iki gikorwa, uburyo bumwe bwo gutanga aside acryc aside 83-86% (igipimo cyimuka). Uburyo bwa kiyapani bwamasodo bwerekana neza ubutare buteganijwe na sisitemu yo gutandukanya umunara, hamwe na katalize yateye imbere, umusaruro mwinshi muri rusange, hamwe no gukoresha ingufu nke. Ubu buryo kuri ubu ni kimwe mu bikorwa byateye imbere, kuri par hamwe na mitsubishi mu Buyapani.

(3)Imiterere yuburyo hamwe niterambere ryimyitwarire ya Buttyl Acrylate

Acyl acrylate ninyama zamabara idafite ibara ridahujwe mumazi kandi urashobora kuvangwa na ethanol na ether. Iki kigo gikeneye kubikwa mububiko bukonje kandi buhumeka. Acide ya Acrych na esters ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Ntabwo bakoreshwa gusa gukora monoger yoroshye ya acrylate ishingiye kandi amavuta yo kwisiga, ariko nanone arashobora kuba afite abagore bahuje, ariko kandi ashobora kuba afite ubuguzi bwa Polymer kandi akoreshwa nka synthesi yinjiza.

Kugeza ubu, imikorere yo kubyara ya Buttyl ikubiyemo ahanini ihinduka rya aside acrych na Butanol imbere ya aside suluene sulfonike yo kuba aside sulfonic kugirango itange acrylate n'amazi. Igisubizo cyo gukomera kuri iyi nzira nuburyo busanzwe bugenda bwimyitwarire, kandi ingingo zibitse za aside ya acryc na aside ya acryc hamwe nibicuruzwa bikaba acrylate biri hafi cyane. Kubwibyo, biragoye gutandukanya aside acryc acide ukoresheje agahinda, kandi acide ya acrycted idashobora gukoreshwa.

Iyi nzira yitwa Butyl Acrylate uburyo bwo gukomera, ahanini biva muri Jilin Petrochemic Institute Institute Ikigo cyubushakashatsi nubundi bigo bifitanye isano. Iri koranabuhanga rimaze gukura cyane, kandi igenzura rya Acide ya Acrychise na N-Butanol rirasobanutse neza, rishobora kugenzura ibikoresha muri 0.6. Byongeye kandi, iri koranabuhanga rimaze kugera ku bufatanye no kwimura.

(4)Imiterere niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya CPP

Filime ya CPP ikozwe muri polypropylene nkibikoresho nyamukuru byibanze binyuze muburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya nka T-pfa ipfa ipfa. Iyi filime ifite ubushyuhe buhebuje kandi, kubera imiterere yacyo yuzuye ibihangano, irashobora gukora neza no gukorera mu mucyo. Kubwibyo, kubisabwa gupakira bisaba gusobanuka cyane, film ya CPP nibikoresho byatoranijwe. Gukoresha cyane film ya CPP iri mu gupakira ibiryo, ndetse no mu musaruro wa aluminium, gupakira imiti, no kubungabunga imbuto n'imboga.

Kugeza ubu, imikorere yumusaruro wa firime ya CPP ahanini ari cororrusion. Iyi gahunda yo gukora umusaruro igizwe nababisanzwe benshi, abagurisha benshi (bazwi cyane nka "agamije imitwe, imitwe ipfa, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza, imbogamizi, na sisitemu zihindagurika. Ibiranga nyamukuru byumusaruro nibyiza cyane, ubunini bukabije, ubunini buke bwo kwagura ubukanishi, guhinduka neza, no gukorera mu mucyo wa firime yakozwe na firime. Ababikora benshi ba CPP bakoresha uburyo bwo guhagarika imisaruro, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho rirakuze.

Kuva mu 1980, mu myaka ya za 1980, Ubushinwa bwatangiye kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byo kubyaza film yo mu mahanga, ariko benshi muri bo ni imiterere imwe kandi ni icyiciro cy'ibanze. Nyuma yo kwinjira mu myaka ya za 90, Ubushinwa bwashyize ahagaragara COSTM CO Polymer Cast Imirongo isabwa rya firime mu bihugu nk'Ubudage, Ubuyapani, Ubutaliyani, na Otirishiya. Ibi bikoresho byatumijwe mu mahanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga nimbaraga nyamukuru zunganda zubushinwa. Abatanga ibikoresho nyamukuru barimo Ubudage bwa Bruckner, Bartnfield, Leifenhauer, na Oricrate ya Outic. Kuva mu 2000, Ubushinwa bwatangije imirongo isabwa ihazaruye, kandi ibikoresho byoherejwe mu buryo bushingiye ku gihanga kandi byagize iterambere ryihuse.

Ariko, ugereranije ninzego mpuzamahanga ziterambere, haracyari icyuho runaka murwego rwo kwikora, gupima uburyo bwo kugenzura umutwe, uburyo bwo kugarura ibintu, kandi byikora kugarura ibikoresho byo mu gihugu. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho by'ingenzi bitanga ibikoresho bya CPP byerekana Ubudage burimo bruckner, Leimpuser, na Lanzin wa Otirishiya, n'abandi. Aba batanga abanyamahanga bafite ibyiza byinshi mubijyanye no gufata no kubindi bintu. Ariko, inzira y'ubu irakuze cyane, kandi iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho riratinda, kandi ahanini hatari urwego mubufatanye.

(5)Imiterere niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Acrylonitrile

Ikoranabuhanga rya profeylene ammonia onidation kuri ubu ni inzira nyamukuru yo kubyaza umusaruro wa Acrylonike, kandi abayikora ba Acrylonike bakoresha BP (sohio). Ariko, hariho nabandi batanga impimbano benshi bahitamo, nka Mitsubishi Rayon (yahoze ari Asei ukomoka mu Buyapani, yazamutseho ibikoresho by'imikorere (yahoze ari Soutia) ukomoka muri Amerika, na Sinopec.

Ibihingwa birenga 95% byisi yose bakoresha imiterere ya Ammonia ya Ammonia Oxication (bizwi kandi nka sohio inzira) yo gukora ubupayiniya kandi bigatera imbere na BP. Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha imiterere, Abamoni, umwuka, n'amazi nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi binjira muri reaction muburyo runaka. Mubikorwa bya fosifori Molybdenum Bismuth cyangwa Umusemburo wa Antimony ushyigikiwe na Silica Gel, Acrylonike Gel, Acrylonitrile yakozwe ku bushyuhe bwa 400-500℃n'umuvuduko w'ikirere. Noneho, nyuma yo kutabogama, kwinjiza, gukuramo, kubura umwuma, hamwe nintambwe zanyuma, ibicuruzwa byanyuma bya Acrylonike. Umusaruro umwe wubu buryo urashobora kugera kuri 75%, nibicuruzwa birimo Acetonitrile, Hydrogen wanide, na memomonium. Ubu buryo bufite agaciro gakomeye.

Kuva mu 1984, Sinopec yasinyiye amasezerano maremare na Ineos kandi yemerewe gukoresha tekinoroji ya Ariges ya Acrylonitrile mu Bushinwa. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yiterambere, Sinopec Shanghai Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwa peteroli cyatsinzwe na tekiniki yatsinze imiyoboro ya provizine kugirango itange umushinga wa AcryOnile. Uyu mushinga wakozwe neza muri Mutarama 2014, kongera ubushobozi bwa buri mwaka bwa Acryloniker kuva toni 80000 kugeza kuri toni 210000, kuba igice cyingenzi cyumusaruro wa Acrypec wa Acrypec's Acrypec.

Kugeza ubu, ibigo ku isi hose hamwe n'ipata y'ipata ya Propaylene Ikoranabuhanga rya Amoni ya Amoni ya Ikoranabuhanga rya Amoni ya Dimoni ririmo BP, Dupoont, inoos, inahi, na Secopec. Iyi mikorere yumunwa irakuze kandi yoroshye kubona, kandi Ubushinwa bwagezeyo kandi guhagarika iyi ikoranabuhanga, kandi imikorere yayo ntabwo iri munsi yubuhanga bwamahanga.

(6)Imiterere hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya ABSORT

Nk'uko iperereza ribitangaza, inzira yo gutunganya ibikoresho bya ABS igabanijwe ahanini mu buryo bwo kwisiga hamwe nuburyo buhoraho. Abs Resin yatunganijwe hashingiwe ku guhindura Polystyrene resin. Mu 1947, isosiyete ya rubber y'Abanyamerika yemeje inzira yo kuvanga kugirango igere ku musaruro w'inganda za Abs; Mu 1954, sosiyete ya Borg-Wamer muri Amerika yateje imbere ibisigazwa byo kwisiga, abs ans resin aribura gutanga umusaruro munganda. Kugaragara kw'amavuta yo kwisiga byateje imbere iterambere ryihuse ryinganda za Abs. Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, tekinoroji yo gutanga umusaruro muri ABS yinjiye mu gihe cy'iterambere rikomeye.

Uburyo bwo gufata amavuta ni inzira ihanitse, ikubiyemo intambwe enye: Synthesi ya Butadiene Loart, Synthesis ya Gylymer, Synthesi ya Syrymer na Acrylonike polyrene na Acrylonike, hamwe no kuvanga nyuma yo kuvurwa. Inzira yihariye ihagaze ikubiyemo igice cya PBL, ishami rikoreshwa, Sun Direka, no kuvanga igice. Iyi mikorere yumunwa ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukura kwikoranabuhanga kandi rwakoreshejwe kwisi yose.

Kugeza ubu, Ihangane ABSUBIZA ABANTU BIKURIKIRA MU BIKORWA BIZA MU BIKORWA BYO LG muri Koreya yepfo, Ltr muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo, Ikoranabuhanga rishya rya peteroli, n'ikoranabuhanga rya Kellogg muri Amerika, byose Ninde ufite urwego rwisi rwubuhanga. Hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga, inzira yumusaruro ya ABS nayo ihora itezimbere no kunoza. Mugihe kizaza, gukora neza, imirimo yo kurokora ibidukikije, no kuzigama ingufu irashobora kugaragara, bizana amahirwe ninzitizi mugutezimbere inganda zuburozi.

(7)Imiterere ya tekiniki niterambere ryiterambere rya N-Butanol

Nk'uko ubushakashatsi, ikoranabuhanga nyamukuru rya synthesis ya Butanol na Octol ku isi hose ni igiciro cya cyclic cyo hasi-igitugu carbonyl synthesis. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byibanze kuriyi nzira ni propas na gaze ya synthesi. Muri bo, propylene ikomoka mu buryo bwinjijwemo, hamwe no gukoresha igice cya propylene hagati ya 0.6 na 0,62. Gazi ya synthetic itegurwa gaze ya gaze cyangwa gaze ya synthique, hamwe nigice cyo gukoresha metero 700 na 720.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'umuvuduko wo hasi karubonyl sybonyl ryakozwe na DOW / David - Igiciro cyo kuzenguruka kwamazi gifite ibyiza nkigipimo cyigihe kinini cyo guhinduka, ubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, kandi bwagabanije imyuka ya kate. Ubu buryo ni tekinoroji yateye imbere cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa Butanol na Octol.

Urebye ko DOW / David Technolonch akuze kandi arashobora gukoreshwa mu bufatanye n'inganda zo mu rugo, imishinga myinshi izashyira imbere ishami rya Octol ya Tantol, ikurikirwa n'ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rugo.

(8)Imiterere hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya polyacrylonitrile

Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) iboneka binyuze muri AcryénariPation Yubusa ya Acrylonitrile kandi ni yo hagati mu rwego rwo gutegura fibre ya Acrylonitrile (fibrectricy) na polyacrylonike fibre fibre ya karubone. Igaragara muburyo bwera cyangwa bwumuhondo muto Opaque, hamwe nubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho ya 90℃. Irashobora gushonga mubicuruzwa bya Polar nka Dimethylformamide (DMF) na Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), kimwe no mubisubizo byiminyururu idasanzwe nka Thiocyanate na Perchlorate. Gutegura Polyacrylonike ahanini bikubiyemo igisubizo gikaba cyangwa imvura itazwi cyane muri Acrymeritrile (an) hamwe na monomers ya kabiri na ionic ionic hamwe na ionic.

Polyacrylonike ikoreshwa cyane mugukora fibre ya acryliction, ariya fibre ya simatike ikozwe muri copolymes ya Acrylonitrile ifite ijanisha rirenga 85%. Ukurikije ibiti bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora, birashobora gutandukanywa nka Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAC), na Sodium Thiocyanate (NASCNL (DMF). Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yamagambo atandukanye ni ukudakesha muri polyacrylonike, bidafite ingaruka zikomeye muburyo bwihariye bwo gutanga umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ingaragu zitandukanye, zirashobora kugabanywamo aside itakoni (IA), Methyl Acrylate (MMA), na methyl methacrylate (etc. monomer zitandukanye zifite ingaruka zitandukanye kuri kinetics na Ibicuruzwa byumubiri byimyitwarire.

IGIKORWA CY'IGIHUGU BISHOBORA KUBA INTAMBWE CYANGWA INZIRA. Uburyo bumwe bwintambwe bivuga poly umubare nyako na comanomers mubicuruzwa icyarimwe, kandi ibicuruzwa birashobora guterwa mu buryo butaziguye igisubizo kigaragaza nta gutandukana. Itegeko ryintambwe ebyiri ryerekeza ku ihagarikwa rya Acryéniquetion ya Acrylonitrile na Covonomers mu mazi kugira ngo babone polymer, itandukanijwe, yogejwe, ihanamye, indi ntambwe yo gukora igisubizo kizunguruka. Kugeza ubu, inzira yo gukora ku isi ya polyacrylonike ni kimwe, hamwe no gutandukanya uburyo bwo hasi bwa polymeméream na cona. Kugeza ubu, fibre nyinshi za polyakrylonike mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi bikozwe muri copolymers, hamwe na Acrylonike kuri 90% kandi hiyongereyeho monomer ya kabiri kuva kuri 5% kugeza 8%. Intego yo kongeramo monomer ya kabiri ni ukuzamura imbaraga za mashini, elastique, hamwe nuburyo bwa fibre, kimwe no kunoza imikorere. Uburyo busanzwe bwakoreshejwe burimo MMA, MA, Vinyl Acetate, nibindi. igabanyijemo amatsinda ya catic and matsinda ya acide.

Kugeza ubu, Ubuyapani niwe uhagarariye icyicaro mu mikorere yisi yose ya Polyacrylonike, akurikira ibihugu nk'Ubudage ndetse na Amerika. Intebe zihagarariye harimo Zoltek, Hexcel, Cytec na Alngbang bo mu Buyapani, Dongbishi na Amerika, SGL mu itsinda rya Plastike bo mu Budage na Formosa mu Budage, Ubushinwa. Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yo gutanga umusaruro ku isi ya Polyacrylonikeri irakuze, kandi nta mwanya munini wo kunoza ibicuruzwa.