Iyi ngingo izasesengura ibicuruzwa byingenzi biri mu Bushinwa C3 n’inganda n’ubushakashatsi bugezweho n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.

(1)Imiterere Yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya Polypropilene (PP)

Dukurikije iperereza ryacu, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora polypropilene (PP) mu Bushinwa, muri byo hakaba harimo inzira z’ingenzi zirimo uburyo bwo gutunganya imiyoboro y’ibidukikije mu gihugu, Unipol ya sosiyete ya Daoju, Spheriol ya sosiyete ya LyondellBasell, inzira ya Innovene ya Company ya Ineos, inzira ya Novolen ya Nordic Chemical Company, hamwe na Spherizone ya sosiyete ya LyondellBasell.Izi nzira nazo zemewe cyane ninganda za PP zo mubushinwa.Izi tekinoroji ahanini zigenzura igipimo cyo guhindura propylene murwego rwa 1.01-1.02.

Inzira yo mu rugo ikoreshwa muburyo bwigenga bwa ZN catalizator, kuri ubu yiganjemo tekinoroji ya kabiri yo gutunganya impeta.Ubu buryo bushingiye ku bwigenge bwateje imbere bwigenga, tekinoroji y’abaterankunga ya asimmetrike, hamwe na tekinoroji ya propylene butadiene binary random copolymerisation, kandi irashobora kubyara homopolymerisation, Ethylene propylene random copolymerisation, propylene butadiene random copolymerisation, hamwe ningaruka ziterwa na copolymerisation PP.Kurugero, ibigo nka Shanghai Petrochemical Line Line, Zhenhai Gutunganya na Chemical Imirongo Yambere nuwa kabiri, na Maoming Second Line byose byakoresheje iki gikorwa.Hiyongereyeho ibikoresho bishya by’umusaruro mu bihe biri imbere, biteganijwe ko gahunda y’ibisekuru bya gatatu by’ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro inzira y’ibidukikije yo mu ngo.

Inzira ya Unipol irashobora kubyara inganda munganda, hamwe nigipimo cyo gutemba (MFR) kingana na 0.5 ~ 100g / 10min.Mubyongeyeho, igice kinini cya Ethylene copolymer monomers muri kopi yimikorere idasanzwe irashobora kugera kuri 5.5%.Iyi nzira irashobora kandi kubyara inganda za kopolymer yinganda za propylene na 1-butene (izina ryubucuruzi CE-FOR), hamwe na reberi ya reberi igera kuri 14%.Igice kinini cya Ethylene mu ngaruka copolymer yakozwe na Unipol inzira irashobora kugera kuri 21% (igice kinini cya reberi ni 35%).Inzira yakoreshejwe mubikoresho byinganda nka Fushun Petrochemical na Sichuan Petrochemical.

Inzira ya Innovene irashobora kubyara ibicuruzwa bya homopolymer hamwe nubwinshi bwikigereranyo cyo gushonga (MFR), ishobora kugera 0.5-100g / 10min.Ibicuruzwa byayo birakomeye kurenza ibyubundi buryo bwa gaz-feri ya polymerisiyasi.MFR y'ibicuruzwa bitemewe bya kopolymer ni 2-35g / 10min, hamwe nigice kinini cya Ethylene kuva kuri 7% kugeza 8%.MFR yingaruka ziterwa na copolymer yibicuruzwa ni 1-35g / 10min, hamwe nigice kinini cya Ethylene kiri hagati ya 5% na 17%.

Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryibanze rya PP mubushinwa rirakuze cyane.Dufashe urugero rwa peteroli ya polypropilene nkurugero, nta tandukaniro rikomeye mugukoresha ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa, inyungu, nibindi muri buri kigo.Urebye ibyiciro byumusaruro bikubiye mubikorwa bitandukanye, inzira nyamukuru irashobora gukwirakwiza icyiciro cyose cyibicuruzwa.Nyamara, urebye ibyiciro nyabyo bisohoka mubikorwa bihari, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mubicuruzwa bya PP mubigo bitandukanye bitewe nibintu nka geografiya, inzitizi zikoranabuhanga, nibikoresho fatizo.

(2)Imiterere Yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya Acrylic Acide Technology

Acide ya Acrylic nigikoresho cyingenzi cyibikoresho ngengabuzima bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibifatika hamwe nudukingirizo twamazi, kandi nanone bitunganyirizwa muri butyl acrylate nibindi bicuruzwa.Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubyerekana, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora aside acrylic, harimo uburyo bwa chloroethanol, uburyo bwa cyanoethanol, uburyo bwa reppe yumuvuduko mwinshi, uburyo bwa enone, uburyo bwiza bwa Reppe, uburyo bwa etanol ya formaldehyde, uburyo bwa hydrolysis ya acrylonitrile, uburyo bwa Ethylene, uburyo bwa okiside ya propylene, na biologiya buryo.Nubwo hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gutegura acide acrylic, kandi inyinshi murizo zagiye zikoreshwa mu nganda, inzira nyamukuru y’umusaruro ku isi yose iracyari okiside itaziguye ya propylene kuri acide acrylic.

Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora acide acrylic binyuze muri okiside ya propylene ahanini birimo umwuka wamazi, umwuka, na propylene.Mugihe cyo kubyaza umusaruro, ibi bitatu bigira okiside ikoresheje uburiri bwa catalizator muburyo runaka.Propylene ibanza okisiside kuri acroleine mumashanyarazi ya mbere, hanyuma igahinduka okiside kuri acide acrylic muri reaction ya kabiri.Umwuka wamazi ugira uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa, wirinda ko habaho guturika no guhagarika ibisekuruza byatewe.Ariko, usibye kubyara aside acrylic, iyi reaction nayo itanga aside irike na okiside ya karubone kubera reaction kuruhande.

Nk’uko iperereza ryakozwe na Pingtou Ge ribivuga, urufunguzo rw’ikoranabuhanga rya okiside ya acrylic iri mu guhitamo catalizaires.Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete ashobora gutanga tekinoroji ya acrylic acide binyuze muri okiside ya propylene arimo Sohio muri Amerika, Ubuyapani Catalyst Chemical Company, Uruganda rukora imiti rwa Mitsubishi mu Buyapani, BASF mu Budage, n’Ubuyapani Ikoranabuhanga mu buhanga.

Inzira ya Sohio muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ninzira yingenzi yo kubyara aside acrylic ikoresheje okiside ya propylene, irangwa no kwinjiza icyarimwe icyuka cya propylene, umwuka, n’amazi mu byiciro bibiri bihuza ibyuma byuburiri buhamye, no gukoresha ibyuma bya Mo Bi na Mo-V. okiside nka catalizator.Muri ubu buryo, umusaruro umwe wa acide acrylic urashobora kugera kuri 80% (igipimo cya molar).Ibyiza byuburyo bwa Sohio nuko reaction ebyiri zikurikirana zishobora kongera igihe cya catalizator, igera kumyaka 2.Nyamara, ubu buryo bufite imbogamizi ko propylene idakozwe idashobora kugarurwa.

Uburyo bwa BASF: Kuva mu mpera za 1960, BASF ikora ubushakashatsi ku musaruro wa acide acrylic binyuze muri okiside ya propylene.Uburyo bwa BASF bukoresha Mo Bi cyangwa Mo Co catalizaires ya okiside ya propylene, kandi umusaruro umwe wa acroleine wabonye urashobora kugera kuri 80% (igipimo cya molar).Icyakurikiyeho, ukoresheje Mo, W, V, na Fe ishingiye kuri catalizator, acrolein yarushijeho kuba okiside kuri acide acrylic, hamwe n’umusaruro munini w’inzira imwe ugera kuri 90% (ratio molar).Ubuzima bwa catalizator yuburyo bwa BASF burashobora kugera kumyaka 4 kandi inzira iroroshye.Nyamara, ubu buryo bufite ibibi nkibishobora gutekwa cyane, gusukura ibikoresho kenshi, hamwe no gukoresha ingufu muri rusange.

Uburyo bw'Abayapani catalizator: Imashini ebyiri zihamye zikurikirana hamwe na sisitemu irindwi yo gutandukanya umunara nayo ikoreshwa.Intambwe yambere nukwinjira mubintu Co muri cataliste ya Mo Bi nkibisubizo bya reaction, hanyuma ugakoresha Mo, V, na Cu ikomatanya ibyuma bya okiside nkibyingenzi byingenzi mumashanyarazi ya kabiri, bigashyigikirwa na silika hamwe na monoxide.Muri ubu buryo, umusaruro umwe wa acide acrylic ni 83-86% (igipimo cya molari).Uburyo bw'Abayapani catalizator bukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gutondekanya uburiri hamwe na sisitemu yo gutandukanya umunara 7, hamwe na catalizator yateye imbere, umusaruro mwinshi muri rusange, hamwe no gukoresha ingufu nke.Ubu buryo ni bumwe mu buryo buteye imbere bwo gukora, ugereranije na Mitsubishi mu Buyapani.

(3)Imiterere Yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya Butyl Acrylate Technology

Butyl acrylate ni ibara ritagira ibara rifite amazi adashobora gushonga mumazi kandi ashobora kuvangwa na Ethanol na ether.Uru ruganda rugomba kubikwa mububiko bukonje kandi buhumeka.Acide ya Acrylic na esters zayo zikoreshwa cyane munganda.Ntabwo zikoreshwa gusa mugukora monomers yoroshye ya acrylate solvent ishingiye hamwe na lisansi ishingiye kumavuta, ariko kandi irashobora no kuba homopolymerized, copolymerized na graft copolymerized kugirango ibe polymer monomers kandi ikoreshwa nkumuhuza wa synthesis.

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gukora butyl acrylate ahanini burimo reaction ya acide acrylic na butanol imbere ya acide toluene sulfonique kugirango itange butyl acrylate namazi.Imyitwarire ya esterification igira uruhare muriki gikorwa ni reaction isanzwe ihindagurika, kandi ingingo zitetse za acrylic acide nibicuruzwa butyl acrylate biregeranye cyane.Kubwibyo, biragoye gutandukanya aside ya acrylic ukoresheje distillation, kandi aside acrylic idakozwe ntishobora gukoreshwa.

Ubu buryo bwitwa butyl acrylate esterification uburyo, cyane cyane buturuka muri Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Institute Institute hamwe nibindi bigo bifitanye isano.Iri koranabuhanga rimaze gukura cyane, kandi kugenzura ikoreshwa rya acide acrylic na n-butanol birasobanutse neza, birashobora kugenzura ikoreshwa ryibice muri 0.6.Byongeye kandi, iri koranabuhanga rimaze kugera ku bufatanye no kwimura.

(4)Imiterere Yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya CPP

Filime ya CPP ikozwe muri polypropilene nkibikoresho nyamukuru binyuze muburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya nka T-bipfa gupfa.Iyi firime ifite ubushyuhe buhebuje kandi, kubera imiterere yihariye yo gukonjesha, irashobora gukora neza kandi neza.Kubwibyo, kubipakira porogaramu zisaba gusobanuka neza, firime ya CPP nibikoresho byatoranijwe.Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya firime ya CPP ni mubipfunyika ibiryo, ndetse no mubikorwa byo gutwika aluminium, gupakira imiti, no kubungabunga imbuto n'imboga.

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gutunganya amafilime ya CPP ahanini ni co extrusion casting.Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro bugizwe na extruders nyinshi, abakwirakwiza imiyoboro myinshi (bakunze kwitwa "ibiryo"), imitwe yipfa T, imitwe ya casting, sisitemu yo gukwega itambitse, oscillator, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzunguruka.Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ubu buryo bwo gukora ni uburabyo bwiza bwo hejuru, uburinganire buringaniye, kwihanganira umubyimba muto, imikorere myiza yo kwagura imashini, guhuza neza, no gukorera mu mucyo ibicuruzwa bya firime byakozwe.Benshi mubakora kwisi yose ya CPP bakoresha co extrusion casting uburyo bwo gukora, kandi tekinoroji yibikoresho irakuze.

Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, Ubushinwa bwatangiye kwinjiza ibikoresho byo gutunganya amafilime yo mu mahanga, ariko ibyinshi muri byo ni inyubako imwe kandi biri mu cyiciro cya mbere.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu myaka ya za 90, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho imirongo myinshi ya polymer yerekana amashusho yaturutse mu bihugu nk'Ubudage, Ubuyapani, Ubutaliyani, na Otirishiya.Ibi bikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga bitumizwa mu mahanga n’imbaraga nyamukuru z’inganda zikora firime.Abatanga ibikoresho nyamukuru barimo Bruckner yo mu Budage, Bartenfield, Leifenhauer, na Orchid yo muri Otirishiya.Kuva mu 2000, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho imirongo ikora neza, kandi ibikoresho byakorewe mu gihugu nabyo byateye imbere byihuse.

Nyamara, ugereranije nurwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere, haracyari icyuho runaka murwego rwo kwikora, gupima sisitemu yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa, guhita bipfa guhindagura imitwe igenzura ubugari bwa firime, sisitemu yo kugarura ibikoresho kumurongo, hamwe no guhinduranya byikora ibikoresho bya firime zo murugo.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho nyamukuru bitanga ibikoresho bya tekinoroji ya CPP harimo Ubudage bwa Bruckner, Leifenhauser, na Lanzin yo muri Otirishiya, n'ibindi.Aba batanga ibicuruzwa mumahanga bafite ibyiza byingenzi mubijyanye na automatike nibindi bintu.Nyamara, inzira iriho irakuze rwose, kandi umuvuduko witerambere ryibikoresho byikoranabuhanga uratinda, kandi mubyukuri nta mbibi zubufatanye.

(5)Imiterere Yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya Acrylonitrile

Tekinoroji ya propylene ammonia kuri ubu niyo nzira nyamukuru yubucuruzi bwa acrylonitrile, kandi hafi yinganda zose za acrylonitrile zikoresha catalizike ya BP (SOHIO).Ariko, hariho nabandi benshi batanga catalizator bahitamo, nka Mitsubishi Rayon (ahahoze hitwa Nitto) na Asahi Kasei ukomoka mubuyapani, Ascend Performance Material (yahoze yitwa Solutia) yo muri Amerika, na Sinopec.

Ibice birenga 95% byibiti bya acrylonitrile kwisi yose bikoresha tekinoroji ya okiside ya propylene ammonia (izwi kandi nka sohio process) yabanjirijwe kandi itezwa imbere na BP.Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha propylene, ammonia, umwuka, namazi nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi byinjira mumashanyarazi muburyo runaka.Mubikorwa bya fosifore molybdenum bismuth cyangwa catalizike ya antimoni fer ishyigikiwe na silika gel, acrylonitrile ikorwa mubushyuhe bwa 400-500℃n'umuvuduko w'ikirere.Noneho, nyuma yuruhererekane rwo kutabogama, kwinjiza, gukuramo, dehydrocyanation, hamwe nintambwe zo gusibanganya, umusaruro wanyuma wa acrylonitrile uraboneka.Umusaruro umwe wuburyo ushobora kugera kuri 75%, nibicuruzwa birimo acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, na sulfate ya amonium.Ubu buryo bufite agaciro keza cyane mu nganda.

Kuva mu 1984, Sinopec yasinyanye amasezerano na INEOS igihe kirekire kandi yemerewe gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya INEOS ryemewe na acrylonitrile mu Bushinwa.Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yiterambere, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwibikomoka kuri peteroli cya Sinopec Shanghai cyateguye neza inzira ya tekiniki ya okiside ya propylene ammonia kugirango ikore acrylonitrile, yubaka icyiciro cya kabiri cyumushinga wa Sinopec Anqing ishami rya toni 130000 umushinga wa acrylonitrile.Uyu mushinga watangiye gukoreshwa neza muri Mutarama 2014, wongera umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa acrylonitrile uva kuri toni 80000 ukagera kuri toni 210000, biba igice cyingenzi mu musaruro wa acrylonitrile ya Sinopec.

Kugeza ubu, ibigo ku isi bifite patenti ya tekinoroji ya okiside ya propylene ammonia harimo BP, DuPont, Ineos, Asahi Chemical, na Sinopec.Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro burakuze kandi bworoshye kububona, kandi Ubushinwa nabwo bwageze aho ikoranabuhanga ryegereye, kandi imikorere yaryo ntabwo iri munsi yikoranabuhanga ry’amahanga.

(6)Imiterere yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya ABS Ikoranabuhanga

Nk’uko iperereza ryabigaragaje, inzira yuburyo bwibikoresho bya ABS igabanijwemo cyane muburyo bwo gusiga amavuta hamwe nuburyo bukomeza.ABS resin yakozwe hashingiwe ku guhindura resin ya polystirene.Mu 1947, isosiyete ikora reberi y'Abanyamerika yemeye uburyo bwo kuvanga kugirango igere ku nganda za ABS resin;Mu 1954, Isosiyete ya BORG-WAMER muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika yateje imbere amavuta yo kwisiga polymerized ABS resin kandi abona umusaruro winganda.Kugaragara kwamavuta yo kwisiga byateje imbere iterambere ryihuse ryinganda za ABS.Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, tekinoroji yo gutunganya umusaruro wa ABS yinjiye mugihe cyiterambere rikomeye.

Uburyo bwo kwisiga amavuta yo kwisiga ni inzira yambere yo kubyara umusaruro, ikubiyemo intambwe enye: synthesis ya butadiene latex, synthesis ya graft polymer, synthesis ya styrene na acrylonitrile polymers, hamwe no kuvanga nyuma yubuvuzi.Inzira yihariye igenda ikubiyemo igice cya PBL, igishushanyo mbonera, igice cya SAN, hamwe nuruvange.Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro bufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukura mu ikoranabuhanga kandi rwakoreshejwe henshi ku isi.

Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga rya ABS rikuze rituruka ahanini ku masosiyete nka LG muri Koreya y'Epfo, JSR mu Buyapani, Dow muri Amerika, New Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. muri Koreya y'Epfo, na Kellogg Technology muri Amerika, byose. zifite urwego ruyobora isi yose yo gukura mu ikoranabuhanga.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga, inzira yumusaruro wa ABS nayo ihora itera imbere kandi igatera imbere.Mu bihe biri imbere, hashobora kuvuka uburyo bunoze, butangiza ibidukikije, ndetse n’ingufu zizigama ingufu, bikazana amahirwe menshi n’imbogamizi mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imiti.

(7)Imiterere ya tekiniki niterambere ryiterambere rya n-butanol

Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, ikoranabuhanga ryibanze rya synthesis ya butanol na octanol kwisi yose ni inzira ya flux-cycle cyclicike yumuvuduko ukabije wa karubone.Ibikoresho nyamukuru byibanze muriki gikorwa ni propylene na gaze ya synthesis.Muri byo, propylene ituruka ahanini ku kwikorera hamwe, hamwe no gukoresha propylene hagati ya toni 0,6 na 0,62.Gazi ya sintetike itegurwa ahanini na gaze ya gaze cyangwa gaze ikomoka ku makara, hamwe nikoreshwa hagati ya metero kibe 700 na 720.

Tekinoroji ya carboneyl yumuvuduko muke yatejwe imbere na Dow / David - uburyo bwo kuzenguruka ibice byamazi bifite ibyiza nkumuvuduko mwinshi wa propylene, ubuzima bwa serivise ndende, no kugabanya imyuka y’imyanda itatu.Ubu buryo nubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora kandi bukoreshwa cyane mubushinwa butanol na octanol.

Urebye ko ikoranabuhanga rya Dow / David rikuze kandi rishobora gukoreshwa ku bufatanye n’inganda zo mu gihugu, ibigo byinshi bizashyira imbere iryo koranabuhanga mu gihe cyo guhitamo gushora imari mu iyubakwa ry’ibice bya butanol octanol, bigakurikirwa n’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gihugu.

(8)Imiterere Yubu niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya Polyacrylonitrile

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) iboneka binyuze muri polymerisiyumu yubusa ya acrylonitrile kandi ni intera ikomeye mugutegura fibre acrylonitrile (fibre acrylic) na polyacrylonitrile ishingiye kuri karuboni.Igaragara muburyo bwifu ya opaque yera cyangwa yumuhondo gato, hamwe nubushyuhe bwikirahure bwa 90℃.Irashobora gushonga mumashanyarazi ya polar nka dimethylformamide (DMF) na dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ndetse no mubisubizo byamazi byamazi yumunyu ngugu nka thiocyanate na perchlorate.Gutegura polyacrylonitrile bikubiyemo ahanini igisubizo cya polymerisiyonike cyangwa imvura igwa mumazi polymerisation ya acrylonitrile (AN) hamwe na monomers ya kabiri idafite ionic na monomers ya gatatu.

Polyacrylonitrile ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora fibre acrylic, ni fibre synthique ikozwe muri cololymer ya acrylonitrile hamwe nijanisha rirenga 85%.Ukurikije ibishishwa bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyara, birashobora gutandukanywa nka dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), na dimethyl formamide (DMF).Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yumuti utandukanye nuburyo bukemuka muri polyacrylonitrile, bidafite ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa byihariye bya polymerisiyonike.Mubyongeyeho, ukurikije abakunzi batandukanye, barashobora kugabanywamo aside itaconic (IA), methyl acrylate (MA), acrylamide (AM), na methyl methacrylate (MMA), nibindi. ibicuruzwa biranga polymerisiyasiyo.

Igikorwa cyo guteranya gishobora kuba intambwe imwe cyangwa intambwe ebyiri.Uburyo bumwe bwintambwe bivuga polymerisation ya acrylonitrile na comonomers muburyo bwo gukemura icyarimwe, kandi ibicuruzwa birashobora gutegurwa muburyo bwo kuzunguruka nta gutandukana.Amategeko yintambwe ebyiri yerekeza kuri polymerisation ihagarikwa ya acrylonitrile hamwe naba comonomers mumazi kugirango babone polymer, itandukanijwe, yogejwe, idafite umwuma, nizindi ntambwe kugirango bibe igisubizo kizunguruka.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wisi yose wa polyacrylonitrile urasa cyane, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bwa polymerisiyasi yo hepfo na co monomers.Kugeza ubu, fibre nyinshi za polyacrylonitrile mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi zakozwe muri copolymers ternary, hamwe na acrylonitrile igera kuri 90% kandi hiyongereyeho monomer ya kabiri iri hagati ya 5% na 8%.Intego yo kongeramo monomer ya kabiri ni ukongera imbaraga za mashini, elastique, hamwe nimiterere ya fibre, kimwe no kunoza imikorere yo gusiga irangi.Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa burimo MMA, MA, vinyl acetate, nibindi. Umubare wongeyeho wa monomer wa gatatu ni 0.3% -2%, hagamijwe kumenyekanisha umubare runaka wamatsinda y’amabara ya hydrophilique kugirango yongere umubano wa fibre hamwe n amarangi, aribyo igabanijwemo amatsinda yo gusiga amarangi hamwe nitsinda rya acide.

Kugeza ubu, Ubuyapani n’uhagarariye ibikorwa by’isi yose ya polyacrylonitrile, bikurikirwa n’ibihugu nk’Ubudage na Amerika.Ibigo bihagarariye birimo Zoltek, Hexcel, Cytec na Aldila ukomoka mu Buyapani, Dongbang, Mitsubishi na Amerika, SGL yo mu Budage hamwe na Formosa Plastics Group yo muri Tayiwani, Ubushinwa, Ubushinwa.Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yo gutunganya umusaruro ku isi yose ya polyacrylonitrile irakuze, kandi nta mwanya uhagije wo kuzamura ibicuruzwa.