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Izina ry'ibicuruzwa ：polyurethane

Ibicuruzwa bya molekuline structure

Ibikoresho bya shimi:

Polyurethanes yakozwe bwa mbere kandi ikorwaho iperereza na Dr. Otto Bayer mu 1937. Polyurethane ni polymer aho igice gisubiramo kirimo umuvuduko wa urethane. Urethanes ikomoka kuri acide karbamique ibaho gusa muburyo bwa est est [15]. Inyungu nyamukuru ya PU nuko urunigi rutagizwe gusa na atome ya karubone ahubwo rugizwe na heteroatom, ogisijeni, karubone na azote [4]. Kubikorwa byinganda, polyhydroxyl ivanze irashobora gukoreshwa. Muri ubwo buryo, ibinyabuzima bya azote birashobora gukoreshwa kuri amide ihuza. Muguhindura no guhindura ibice bya polyhydroxyl hamwe na azote ya azote ikora, PU zitandukanye zirashobora guhuzwa [15]. Ibisigarira bya polyester cyangwa polyether birimo amatsinda ya hydroxyl bikoreshwa mugukora polyesteror polyether-PU, [6]. Guhindagurika mumibare yabasimbuye no gutandukanya hagati no mumurongo wamashami bitanga PU kuva kumurongo kugeza kumashami na 9 idashobora gukomera. Imirongo ya PU ikoreshwa mugukora fibre no kubumba [6]. PU yoroheje ikoreshwa muguhingura ibintu hamwe no gutwikira [5]. Amashanyarazi yoroheje kandi akomeye, agizwe na PU nyinshi yakozwe, urashobora kuboneka muburyo butandukanye mu nganda [7]. Ukoresheje molekulari ntoya ya prepolymers, harashobora gukorwa kopi zitandukanye. Itsinda rya hydroxyl ryemerera kwemeza guhinduranya, bita ibice, kwinjizwa mumurongo wa PU. Guhindagurika muri ibi bice bivamo impinduka zitandukanye zingufu zingutu na elastique. Ibice bitanga icyiciro cya kristaline kandi kirimo kwagura urunigi byitwa ibice bikomeye [7]. Abatanga amorphous rubbery icyiciro kandi kirimo polyester / polyether bita ibice byoroshye. Ubucuruzi, izo polymers zo guhagarika zizwi nka Pus zigabanijwe

Gusaba:

Polyurethanes ni kimwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye ku isi muri iki gihe. Imikoreshereze yabo myinshi itangirira ku ifuro ryoroshye mu bikoresho byuzuye, kugeza ku ifuro rikomeye nko gukingira inkuta, ibisenge n'ibikoresho kugeza kuri polyurethane ya termoplastique ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi n'inkweto, kugeza ku mwenda, ibifunga, kashe na elastomeri bikoreshwa hasi no mu modoka [17,18 ]. Polyurethanes yagiye ikoreshwa cyane mumyaka mirongo itatu ishize mubikorwa bitandukanye bitewe nibyiza, inyungu zamafaranga, kuzigama ingufu hamwe nibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Nibihe bimwe mubintu bituma polyurethanes yifuzwa cyane? Kuramba kwa polyurethane bigira uruhare runini mubuzima burebure bwibicuruzwa byinshi. Kwagura ubuzima bwibicuruzwa no kubungabunga umutungo ni ibintu byingenzi bitekereza ku bidukikije bikunze guhitamo polyurethanes [19-21]. Polyurethanes (PUs) igereranya icyiciro cyingenzi cya polimoplastike na polymositike ya polimeri kuko imiterere yubukanishi, ubushyuhe, nubumara bishobora guhuzwa nigikorwa cya polyole zitandukanye na poly-isocyanates.